内外侧锁定钢板固定胫骨远端骨折的比较

Medial versus lateral locking plate for fixation of distal tibial fractures

背景:随着胫骨远端骨折发生率的增加,锁定钢板内固定已成为首选的内固定治疗方法。目的:研究分析胫骨远端骨折内固定的生物力学性能,同时比较内侧锁定钢板与外侧锁定钢板内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折的差异。方法:应用文献检索的方法获取胫骨远端骨折内固定生物力学的相关研究文献,对符合研究标准的文献进行深入的数据分析,文章选取胫骨远端骨折时踝关节的应力分布机制以及锁定钢板与髓内钉内固定的生物力学性能进行比较,同时比较上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院崇明分院骨科2009年1月至2012年1月收治的60例胫骨远端骨折患者应用内侧锁定钢板内固定和外锁定钢板内固定治疗的效果。结果与结论:胫骨远端骨折,足处于跖屈位时,易引起胫骨后踝骨折;中立位时,易引起Y型骨折;背屈位时,易引起胫骨前缘压缩。锁定钢板在抗扭转外力上比髓内钉效果要好,且腓骨的完整对于2种固定的效果均有一定的帮助。当腓骨不能够有效固定的时候,锁定钢板固定的稳定性比髓内钉固定的稳定性更好。且内侧锁定钢板固定与外侧锁定钢板固定时的骨折愈合时间并无明显差异,但是外侧锁定钢板固定的并发症发生率更低,踝关节功能恢复更好。

BACKGROUND：With the increasing incidence of distal tibial fractures, locking plate fixation has become the preferred internal fixation method. OBJECTIVE：To analyze the biomechanical performance of distal tibial fractures, and to study the difference between medial and lateral locking plate methods for internal fixation of distal tibial fractures. METHODS：Articles concerning the biomechanics of the internal fixation of distal tibial fractures were col ected by literature search. The articles that met the criteria were analyzed in depth. In this paper, a biomechanical comparison between locking plate fixation and intramedul ary nail fixation was done as wel as the stress distribution and mechanism of the ankle joint. Meanwhile, 60 patients with distal tibial fractures who had received medial or lateral locking plate fixation at the Department of Orthopedics, Chongming Branch, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China from January 2009 to January 2012 were enrol ed for efficiency comparison. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： For patients with distal tibial fractures, it is easy to cause posterior mal eolus fractures, Y-shaped fractures and anterior tibial compression, respectively, in the plantar flexion position, neutral position, and dorsiflexion position. Locking plate is better than the intramedul ary nail in the torsional force, and the intact fibula contributes to the improvement of fixed effects of these two internal fixation methods. When the fibula cannot be effectively fixed, the locking plate fixation has a better stability than the intramedul ary nail. Moreover, there is no difference in the fracture healing after fixation with medial and lateral locking plates. However, a lower incidence of complications and better function recovery of the ankle joint can be realized after lateral locking plate fixation.