三种麻醉方法在巴马小型猪失血性休克实验中的麻醉效果比较

Comparison of the anesthetic effects of three anesthetic methods in experiments with Bama minipig models of hemorrhagic shock

目的比较3种麻醉方法在巴马小型猪失血性休克(HS)实验中的麻醉效果,获取适宜巴马小型猪麻醉的最佳方案。方法巴马小型猪24头,随机分为氯胺酮肌内注射组(A组),异丙酚静脉注射组(B组),异丙酚静脉与七氟烷吸入复合麻醉组(C组),每组8头。分别于麻醉前(T0)、诱导后(T1)、置管后(T2)、HS即刻(T3)、HS后30 min(T4)、复苏时(T5)、复苏后30 min(T6)及实验结束拔管后10 min(T7),观察并记录各组猪的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、鼻温(NT)、pH值及血氧饱和度(SPO2)等指标,同时记录麻醉诱导时间,恢复自主呼吸的时间,术中追加麻药例数,术后不良反应例数。结果三组实验猪实验前身长、体重、血红蛋白量及放血量等一般情况比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);A组诱导期长,HR和NT升高明显,术中需多次给药并有躁动现象,术后有呕吐等不良反应;B组麻醉比较平稳,但在术中仍有躁动现象且需补加麻药;C组麻醉效果最佳,诱导期短,术中安全,恢复自主呼吸的时间短,术后无不良反应。结论静吸复合麻醉,诱导时间短,麻醉效果好,术中平稳安全,术后苏醒快,适宜巴马小型猪手术麻醉。

Objective To compare the anesthetic effects of three anesthetic methods on experiments with Bama minipig models of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock （HS） and to develop an optimal anesthetic method. Methods Twenty-four male Bama minipigs were divided into three groups： Group A with intramuscular injection of ketamine, group B with intravenous injection of propofols, and group C with intravenous administration of propofol combined with sevoflurane inhalation, 8 pigs in each group. The heart rate （HR）, mean arterial pressure （MAP）, nose temperature （NT）, pH value and blood oxygen saturation （SPO2） of the pigs at different time points including pre-anesthesia preparation （TO）, after induction （T1）, after catheterization （T2）, immediately after HS （T3）, 30 rain after HS （T4）, resuscitation （T5）, 30 rain after resuscitation （T6） and after extubation （7）. The results of anesthesia, induction time, recovery time to spontaneous breathing, the number of cases of additional intraoperative anesthesia and the occurrence of postoperative adverse reactions were recorded. Results There were no significant differences in body length, body weight, hemoglobin and volume of bloodletting among the groups （ P 〉 0. 05 ）. Group A needed a longer induction period, showed significantly increased HR and NT, needed multiple dosing, showed restlessness, and had postoperative vomiting. The pigs in the group B had a rather smooth anesthesia, but also had intraoperative restlessness and needed additional use of anesthetic agent. The Group C showed the best anesthetic effectiveness, with a short induction period, intraoperative safety, shorter recovery to spontaneous respiration, and no postoperative adverse reactions. Conclusions Intravenous administration of propofol combined with sevoflurane inhalation is a suitable anesthetic method for surgical experiments with Bama minipigs, showing advantages such as short induction period, good anesthetic effectiveness, smooth intra-operative process, and a early postoperative resuscitation.