南海海气相互作用对热带气旋生成的影响--个例诊断

IMPACT OF AIR-SEA INTERACTION ON THE GENESIS OF TROPICAL INCIPIENT VORTEX OVER SOUTH CHINA SEA:A CASE STUDY

利用NCEP气候预报系统再分析资料(CFSR)和日本JRA-25再分析资料,对2010年西太平洋第5号热带风暴"蒲公英"的形成过程进行诊断,揭示南海海气相互作用对其初始涡旋生成的影响。分析表明,"蒲公英"的初始涡旋最早于8月20日00时出现在吕宋岛以东的对流层低层。西太平洋偏东风受到吕宋岛地形强迫可能是初始扰动形成的原因之一。在初始涡旋生成阶段,南海海域盛行较强的东南风,因风应力造成的Ekman输送导致南海中东部较暖海水流向吕宋岛附近,使得局地海温升高,自海洋向大气输送的感热通量增大。异常感热加热使其上空低层气压下降,近地层出现上升运动。但根据热力适应理论,感热加热随高度减小制造的低层负涡度不利于初始涡旋在异常感热加热区上空向高空进一步发展,可是在感热加热区东侧因涡度平流随高度增加,强迫出上升运动。该上升运动引起的凝结潜热释放,使得最大加热中心出现在对流层中层。于是,在对流层中低层非绝热加热随高度增加,制造正的相对涡度,使得初始涡旋在感热加热区的东侧生成,继而在对流层中低层增强。因此在初始涡旋增强阶段,凝结潜热加热及其对涡度的制造起主要作用。

Based on 6-hourly sensible heat flux and latent heat flux from the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis （CFSR） and circulation data from the Japanese 25-year Reanalysis （JRA-25）,the initial developing process of tropical cyclone Mindulle （1005） in 2010 has been diagnosed to reveal the impact of air-sea interaction over the South China Sea （SCS） on the genesis of its incipient vortex.The results show that the incipient vortex first occurred east of the Luzon Island on 0000 UTC 20 August,suggesting that the topographic forcing of the Luzon Island for easterly winds over the western Pacific might be one of the factors responsible for the formation of the incipient vortex.During the formation stage of the incipient vortex,strong southeasterlies over the SCS caused warm water of the middle and eastern SCS to flow toward the Luzon Island due to Ekman transport resulting from wind stress,leading to an increase of the sea surface temperature and sensible heat flux into the atmosphere.Although the anomalous sensible heating favored surface pressure to reduce,it was not conducive to the increase of local vorticity associated with the vortex above the heating area because,according to the atmospheric thermal adaptation theory,the anticyclonic vorticity would be created in the lower troposphere due to the decreased vertical gradient of the sensible heating.However,the ascending motions occurred in the east of the anomalous sensible heating area due to the augmentation of the vorticity advection with increasing height,causing water vapor to condense in the middle and upper troposphere.In turn,cyclonic vorticity was generated in the lower troposphere due to the increased vertical gradient of the condensation latent heating,resulting in the formation and further growth of the incipient vortex.Therefore,the vorticity creation due to the condensation heating played a dominant role during the subsequent enhancing stage of the incipient vortex.