祁连山林草复合流域灌木林水文生态功能研究

Shrubbery eco-hydrological effectofforest-grasscatchmentof Qilian Mountains

对祁连山林草复合流域5种主要灌木林的水文生态功能进行了研究。结果表明：（1）5种灌木林林冠平均截留率的大小范围为6．98％～22．45％；（2）5种灌木枯落物的最大持水率均为自身重量的1．6～4．0倍，枯落物最大持水量和有效持水量分别为23．83～134．95t／hm2和17．25～83．62t／hm2；（3）土壤的最大持水量及有效持水量都随土壤深度的增加而不断下降，与土壤的总孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度的变化规律相一致；土壤的最大持水量和有效持水量分别为3090．96～4460．82t／hm2和680．68～1328．82t／hm2；（4）各灌木林地土壤表层的稳渗率变化范围为8．88～141．67mm／min，前30min累计入渗量的变化幅度为338．25～4718．34mm；（5）5种灌木林地总蓄水量大小经综合评价依次为：吉拉柳灌丛〉鲜黄小檗灌丛〉箭叶锦鸡儿灌丛〉金露梅灌丛〉甘青锦鸡儿灌丛。

From the ecological roles of the canopy layer, litter layer and soil layer, the paper probed into the eco-hydrological effects of five kinds＇ main shrubbery in the forest grass catchment of the Qilian Mountains. The results show as follows ： （1） during rainy season, the average interception rates are as follows： Berberis dasystachya 22.46%, Salixgilasnanica 20.48%, Caraganajubata 16.76%, Potentillafruticosa 10.42%, Caraganatangutica 6.96%. （2）The maximum water holding rates of five kinds shrubbery＇ s litter are 1.6 - 4.0 times of five kinds shrubbery litter＇ s theirs weights; their maximum water holding amounts and maximum available water holding amounts are 23.83 - 134.95 t·hm^-2 and 17.25- 83.62t·hm^-2. （3）The soil maximum and available water holding amounts decrease with the increase in soil depth, they are 2 354.50 - 3 409.00t·hm^-2 and 518.5 - 1015.50 t·hm^-2, respectively. （4） The mantle steady infiltration rates of various shrubbery land soils variate in the range of 7.88 - 96.01mm·min^-1, the maximum belongs to Salixgilasnanica of 96.01mm·min^-1, then belonging to Caraganajubata, Berberis dasystachya, Berberis dasystachya and Caragana tangutica. （5）The capability of five kinds shrubbery＇ s water conservation is ranged according to their magnitudes as follows： Salix gilasnanica 〉 Berberis dasystachya 〉 Caragana jubata 〉 Potentilla fruticosa 〉 Caragana tangutica. Among them, Salix gilasnanica and Berberis dasystachya ＇ s capabilities are near or more than that of Picea crassofolia, which indicates that the shrubbery forest has stronger eco-hydrological function.