旱域水潦：明清黄土高原的城市水患与拒水之策--基于山西10座典型城市的考察

City Flood and Controlling in Loess Plateau during the Ming and Qing Dynasties——Based on 10 Typical Cities in Shanxi Province

明清时期山西10座城市——夏县、灵石、临县、兴县、保德、河曲、太原(府)、介休、洪洞、闻喜——的水患问题均甚为严重,不容乐观的城市下垫面条件——城区一带的地形、河流沟峪、湖池——是导致水患发生的决定性因素。官府的拒水之策均围绕改善城市的下垫面条件而展开,御患手段已经十分成熟,具体措施包括筑堤堰、辟水门、掘水道、挑引河、浚城濠、凿(扩)涝池等。围绕水患防治,州县官、僚属、士绅、民众多方构建起紧密的"关系网络"。关注"水利"的同时,对"水害"给予足够的重视,是构建黄土高原"整体的"水环境史或社会史的必经之途。

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,there had been serious problems of flood in the 10 cities.The bad underlying surfaces of the 10 cities area,including the terrains,rivers,and the lakes or pools,were the determining factors to cause flood.