论社区抗逆力的构成要素和指标体系

On Community Resilience: It Constituting Elements and Index System

增强社区的抗逆能力对于提高社区的自保自救能力乃至提升整个社会的风险管理水平都具有重要的意义。社区抗逆力是一种基于社区自身资源的防灾抗灾能力,分析社区抗逆力必须首先考量评价指标,通过评价指标的选取与计算,能得出社区的抗逆力系数,以比较不同社区的抗逆力水平。社区抗逆力的评价指标是指既能反映社区抗逆力的构成要素,又能用数学的方法进行量化分析的变量,从定性的角度来说,人口因素、经济因素、制度因素和物理结构等四个方面构成影响社区抗逆力的指标体系。该指标体系在适用对象上可以面向所有的自然灾害类型;但不同的灾害类型以及灾害具体情况的差异可能对评价指标体系提出不同的要求,甚至对同一指标提出不同的权重要求。在该指标体系的运用过程中,应当依据灾害的具体情况,通过选择、剔除以及权重赋值等方式,对指标体系进行调整。

As the capability to prevent and fight disasters with local resources,community resilience means a lot to improving a community's self-rescue and risk-management capability. Through a careful examination of the evaluation indicators,an analysis of this capability is to be done to obtain the coefficient of the resilience for a comparison of the different levels. Qualitatively,four major factors of population,economy,institution and physical structure are bound together to be an index system for resilience evaluation. The index system is designed for all types of natural disasters,and provides a theoretical frame of reference for the construction of community resilience. Nevertheless,we should make a concrete analysis of each specific case and adjust the index system by selecting indicators,changing weight assignments based on disaster situation in practical application.