不同水分和增温处理对东北玉米生长和产量的影响

Effects of different soil moisture and air temperature regimes on the growth characteristics and grain yield of maize in Northeast China

气候变化对农作物生长和发育产生影响已是一个不争的事实。为了预测未来气候变化对C4植物玉米产生的可能影响以及检验作物模型模拟得出的结果,本研究在中国辽宁锦州地区设立了红外增温模拟试验,利用开放式增温系统和水分控制装置,设置不同水分和温度梯度来模拟气候变化对东北玉米的影响。结果表明:单独增温使玉米植株变矮6.5%,同时增温和增水则对株高无影响;增温导致叶面积减小13.8%,增水则影响较小;增温和增水都不利于干物质的累积,但未达到显著性差异;增温对叶的分配系数有正效应,增水有负效应,同时增温和增水的情况下,则对叶的分配系数影响不明显;增温降低籽粒产量40%,其主要是降低了果穗长、果穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、穗粒数,同时增大了瘪粒数。

It is an indisputable tact that chmate change has mtectecl crop growm ann uevexop ment. In order to predict the possible effects of future climate change on C4 plant maize and to test the simulated results of crop model, an infrared temperatureincreasing simulation experiment was conducted in Jinzhou of Liaoning Province, Northeast China. With the applications of free air temperatureincreasing system and water control devices, different soil moisture and air tempera ture gradients were installed to simulate the effects of climate change on maize growth. The results showed that increasing temperature alone decreased the plant height by 6.5%, while increasing both temperature and soil moisture had little effects on the plant height. Increasing temperature decreased the leaf area by 13.8%, while increasing soil moisture had little effect. Both increasing temperature and increasing soil moisture were unfavorable to the dry matter accu mulation, but the difference with the control was not significant. Increasing temperature had posi tive effects on the leaf distribution coefficient, but increasing soil moisture was in reverse. Increasing both temperature and soil moisture had no obvious effects on the leaf distribution coef ficient. Increasing temperature decreased the grain yield by 40%, mainly due to the decrease of ear length, ear diameter, rows per ear, and full grain number and the increase of shriveled grain number.