淡水养殖池塘微生态环境调控研究综述

Regulation of micro-ecological environment in freshwater aquaculture pond:A review

精养过程带来的池塘微生态环境恶化是与池塘养殖相关的面源污染问题、水产品质量安全问题和病害问题的主要根源。从浮游动植物群落、细菌群落和非生物环境等池塘微生态环境三个主要方面,综述了淡水养殖池塘水质调控技术的研究进展和存在的问题。其中两个突出问题是:在浮游植物下行控制压力的缺失方面缺乏有效的调控手段,使得在浮游动植物群落的调控方面存在短板;由于缺乏对特征菌群的界定和技术手段的局限,还不能对细菌群落做到精确调控。池塘微生态环境三个主要方面相互关联、相互影响。对非生物环境的调控是核心内容,但另外两个方面是调控的目标。提出了精养池塘系统化调控的观点。

The deterioration of microecological environment induced by intensive culture has been thought to be the main reasons of the problems in nonpoint source pollution, aquatic prod uct security, and fish diseases in freshwater aquaculture pond. From the three aspects of micro ecological environment （plankton community, bacterial community, and abiotic environment）, this paper reviewed the research progress and existing problems in the water quality control tech nologies of freshwater aquaculture ponds. There were two prominent issues, i. e. , 1 ） the lack of effective control measures in the absence of phytoplankton downward pressure control makes the regulation of plankton community exist short board, and 2） it still could not make precise regula tion on the bacterial community due to the lack of defining characteristic bacterial flora in healthy pond ecosystem and the limitation of related technologies. The three aspects of the microecologi cal environment in freshwater aquaculture pond were interrelated and interacted. Though the regulation of abiotic environment was the key element, the other two elements were also the con trolling targets. It was suggested that a systematic control should be carried out on the intensively managed freshwater aquaculture pond.