基于冷原子技术的导航传感器现状与发展

Current Status and Development of Navigation Sensors Based on Cold Atoms

激光冷却原子样品以其探询时间长、能消除多普勒频移和碰撞引起的频移、与探测光场弱耦合等优点显著改善了原子光谱的精密测量能力,其多种优良特性也引起了导航领域研究者的极大兴趣。回顾了基于冷原子技术的导航传感器的发展历程,并跟踪了国际上的最新研究动态。将冷原子导航传感器根据其结构分为冷原子钟、冷原子干涉仪和原子芯片三个领域,并从物理效应、工作原理、性能参数、应用方向等多个方面分别进行了阐述。最后分析了冷原子导航传感器的发展前景,并指出高动态环境和系统的集成与封装将成为冷原子导航传感器实际应用面临的主要困难。

The sample of laser cooled atoms significantly improves precision measurements of atom spectrum due to its advantages such as longer interrogation time, elimination of Doppler and collision-induced shifts, weak coupling to the interrogating fields and so on. The benefits of cold atoms have attracted large interest in navigation field. The development history of navigation sensors based on cold atom is reviewed and the recent research status of cold atom navigation sensors is introduced. The navigation sensors are classified into three types according to their different structures, and the physical effects, operation principles, performance parameters and application fields are described respectively. Finally, the development tendency is prospected. It is pointed out that the high-g dynamic environment and the integration and package of the system will be the main challenges for the practical application of cold atom navigation sensors.