刺伤对苹果伤口周边细胞死亡和青霉菌侵染的影响

Effects of Needle-stick Injuries on Cell Death Nearby the Wound and the Infection of Penicillium expansionon Apple

以"红富士"苹果为试材,通过不同孔径针刺伤苹果,在伤口接种青霉菌,分别在常温和低温下放置30d,检测伤口周边细胞死亡层数、死亡半径和腐烂率,以了解刺伤对苹果伤口腐烂的影响。结果表明:刺伤会导致伤口周边几层细胞逐渐死亡,大孔径造成伤口周边细胞的死亡层数远多于小孔径刺伤。常温和低温下,刺伤前期伤口周边细胞的死亡层数增加迅速,后期死亡细胞数量增加较少,并逐渐不再扩展。低温对伤口周边细胞死亡抑制作用较小。常温下伤口接种青霉菌极大增加了大孔径针刺伤苹果的死亡细胞层数,而对于微小孔径刺伤伤口,涂菌对细胞死亡的促进并不明显。伤口死亡半径、伤口腐烂率与伤口周边细胞的死亡层数的规律基本一致,大孔径刺伤后接种青霉菌处理,其伤口腐烂率在刺伤后5d已经很高,达到80%以上。而小孔径刺伤苹果在30d内,不管是常温、低温、还是接种青霉菌,其都没有出现腐烂。说明刺伤孔径对苹果的腐烂有极大的影响,其引起苹果严重腐烂的临界孔径在0.50～1.00mm之间。

Taking ＇Red Fuji＇ as material,in order to finding out the influence of needle-stick injuries on the wound decay of apple, different apertures of needles were used to acupuncture apples. After that, they were inoculated with P. e.pazsim and placed at room temperature and low temperature. After 30 days,cell death layers nearby the wound, （leath radius and decay rate were＇, detected. The results showed that needle-stick injuries would gradually lead to a few layers of （-ell death nearby the wound. Cell death layers nearby the wound caused by large aI）erture needles were ftr more than that by small ones. At room temperature and low temperature,（：ell death layers nearby the wound increased rapidly in the prophase of acupuncture,and increased less in the late stage of acupuncture and kept no spread, l.ow temperature had t small inhibition to cell death nearby the wound. At room temperature,cell death layers of wound caused by large aperture needles were significanlly increased after inoculating with P. e.pa,zsiol, but it didn＇t influence significantly on wound caused by small aperture needles. Tile regularity of lesion diameter and decay rate were basically the same as cell death layers nearby the wound. The decay rate of wound caused by large aperture needles and inoculated with t）. e.palzsic reached above 80 after S days. However,wound caused by small aperture needles didn＇t decay no matter they were fit room lemperature or low temperature, or even inoeultled with P. eapatzsio, alth indicated t}lat acupuncture aperture has a significant influence on the decay of apple and ils critical size which could cause severe decay was between 0. 50 mm and 1.00 mm.