衰落抑或复兴:美国学者关于美国政党变迁的研究

Decline or Resurgence: A Research Summary of American Scholars on Party Change

二战后,美国政党的衰落与复兴成为美国政治学界研究最多也是最富争议的政治现象之一。本文从美国政党衰落的纵向时间维度和横向政党维度两个视角对美国学者已有的研究做一个综述和评价,主要包括了政党衰落与复兴的概念、政党衰落与复兴的衡量方法、衰落与复兴的时间段、政党衰落与复兴的原因以及"选民中的政党"、"政党组织"、"政府中的政党"这政党的"三张面孔"等方面。美国政党在最近几十年出现了复兴的趋势,并且正在试图通过国家政治权力来恢复过去丧失的政党功能。

The decline and Resurgence of political parties has been become one of the most controversial political phenomena in American political academic research after World War II. This paper takes an overview of existing research and evaluates from the longi- tudinal time dimension and horizontal political party dimension of the political party decline two perspectives. It mainly includes the con- cepts of party decline or resurgence, the measure methods, the time periods, and the causes, as well as party in the electorate, party orga- nizations, and party in government three aspects. American parties have been resurged in recent decades, and have been trying to restore lost functions by state political power.