苏共理论建设的教训及启示探析

On the Lessons and Enlightenment of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in Theory Construction

苏共亡党的根本原因是没有做好党的自身建设,尤其是在具有灵魂性的理论建设方面出现了致命失误:把马克思主义理论凝固化,并进行脱离实际、脱离国情的生搬硬套,导致理论建设的教条化;领袖个人垄断理论的创造权,过度塑造主流意识形态的唯一性,导致理论建设的一元化;完全断绝与资本主义世界的联系,意图在"无菌世界"中保持理论的"纯洁性",导致理论建设的封闭化。汲取苏共理论建设的教训,中国共产党要特别注意在实践中坚持理论建设的开拓创新,实现理论的与时俱进;要坚持主流意识形态的主导地位,又要容许一定程度的思想多样性;要有选择有鉴别性地学习西方资本主义国家先进的理论文化,以取长补短发展自己。

The failure of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union mainly resulted from its failure in building the Party, especially in the aspect of theory construction, which is the fatal mistake. It was found that the Marx doctrine was solidified, and was applied mechanically by divorcing from the reality or national conditions, which resulted in the dogmatically theoretical construction, the monopoly of the leader to create the theory, the over - shape of the mainstream ideology, the centralization of theory building; and the clear break with the capitalist world. By learning such lessons, the Communist Party of China should pay special attention to the construction of innovation theory in practice, make the theory advance with the times, adhere to the dominant position of the mainstream ideology, but should also allow a certain degree of ideological diversity, make discriminative choices to learn the advanced theory culture of Western capitalist countries, so as to develop our Party.