基于卫星信标跟踪的斑海豹放流效果研究

Release studies on spotted seals (Phoca largha) using satellite telemetry tracking technique

利用卫星标记跟踪方法对斑海豹的野外释放效果进行了研究。2010年和2011年6月分别释放了4头和3头人工繁殖的2龄未成年斑海豹,2011年同时释放了3头野外出生的救助个体。标记斑海豹在释放后,7头人工繁殖斑海豹中的5头信标信号持续时间较长,在信号消失前,1头斑海豹一直在渤海海域活动,另4头沿辽宁沿岸、朝鲜西海岸到达辽东湾斑海豹的主要度夏海域韩国白翎岛附近。研究期间,1头人工繁殖的斑海豹在59 d内运动的距离超过1 250 km。救助斑海豹中,2头个体的信标信号持续较长,并分别在山东半岛沿海和黄渤海活动。研究结果表明,人工繁殖的斑海豹在经过野化训练后,放归自然海域后可以正常生活洄游。

The distribution and movement patterns of spotted seals released to the wild after human care were studied using position transmitting tags based on satellite telemetry techniques. Seven animals were born in captivity, and were trained for survival in the wild. They were released at the age of 2 years in 2010 （n =3） and 2011 （n =4）. Three further 1 - year-old animals were rescued, and they were released back into the wild in 2011. Signals sent by tracking devices on five captive-born seals lasted for over 30 days. One had moved into the Bohai Sea before its signal disappeared, and the other four seals migrated along the Liaoning coast and west coast of Korea before reaching the vicinity of the Baengnyeong Islands, which are the main summer habitat of spotted seals. One captive-born seal travelled over 1 250 km in 59 days. Only two of the rescued seals had devices that transmitted meaningful results ： one moved along the coast of the Shandong peninsula, another travelled into the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea. This study demonstrates that captive-born seals can survive well and perform regular migration in the wild after training, and their whereabouts can be successfully tracked using satel- lite telemetry.