“填海造地”生态补偿研究

Research on the Ecological Compensation of “Sea Reclamation”

围填海活动主要是在滩涂以及滩涂延伸的被海水覆盖的空间展开,会对这一空间范围的生态和人产生极大的负外部性,需要变革政策来改变这一状况,生态补偿应运而生。"填海造地"生态补偿机制主要包括整体性生态补偿机制、区域化生态补偿机制以及"输血型"与"造血型"复合生态补偿机制。生态补偿机制的目标是实现"环境正义",填海造地生态补偿的有效实现要依赖于"环境正义"原则在具体实施过程中的深入深度。环境正义包括两个方面,即"生态正义"和"社会正义",填海造地生态补偿的实现必须从这两个方面着手。

The sea reclamation activities mainly take place by people in shoals and its expan ding space covered by the sea, which have much negative externalities on the spatial extent of eco logical and human. So it needs people to renew present policies to change this situation, and the ec- ological compensation is naturally put forward. Ecological compensation mechanism for ＂Sea recla mation＂ mainly includes compound ecological compensation mechanism, regional ecological com pensation mechanism, and ＂ Blood transfusion＂ with ＂ hematopoietic＂ ecological compensation mechanism. The target of Ecological compensation mechanism is to achieve ＂environmental jus tice＂, and the realization of the sea reclamation ecological compensation depends on the effective ness of the principle of ＂environmental justice＂ in the process of implementation. Environmental justice includes two aspects, ＂ecological justice＂ and ＂social justice＂, which must be achieved in the ecological compensation of sea reclamation.