血气与柏拉图《理想国》中的灵魂论

Thymos and Plato's Thought on Human Soul in His Reublic

在柏拉图的《理想国》中,人的灵魂被认为是由理性(nous)、血气(thymos)和欲望(epithumia)三部分组成的。其中,血气在柏拉图的灵魂论中扮演了重要角色。然而,这一点过去却被学者们所忽视。本文的主要目的就是要对此进行阐述。首先,通过对《理想国》中相关论述的仔细解读,揭示血气的复杂内涵;其次,对血气在人的灵魂中的地位以及它与灵魂中其他两部分即理性和欲望的关系进行了探讨;最后,分析了苏格拉底在《理想国》中提出的关于如何培养血气的方法。

In Plato's Republic human soul was regarded as consisting of three parts:nous(intellect),thymos(spiritedness),epithumia(desire).Among them,thymos played a significant role in Plato's thought about human soul in his Republic.This point,however,was neglected by scholars in past.This paper's main aim is to make this point clear.First,it reveals the complex implications of thymos by carefully reading the relevant passages in Republic.Second,the role of thymos and its relations to nous(intellect)and epithumia(desire)in a human soul are explicated.In the end,the paper analyses the methods of cultivating thymos proposed by Socrates in Plato's Republic.