李家沟遗址的石器工业

The Lithic Assemblage of the Lijiagou Site

本文介绍河南新密李家沟遗址发现的石制品,并进行简要讨论。该遗址包含了从旧石器时代晚期一直到新石器时代多个文化阶段的遗存。石器工业在不同文化阶段表现出不同的特点。除了旧石器晚期较早阶段的石片石器组合和旧石器时代晚期之末的细石器组合之外,还在新石器早期文化乃至裴李岗文化阶段的文化遗存中发现数量较多的打制石器。其中最值得关注的是与典型细石器共存的磨刃石锛与陶片。通过对石制品的初步观察可知,打制石器并不只存在于旧石器时代,而是延续到新石器早期甚至可能裴李岗文化时期,打制石器仍然在继续使用。这种情况说明,李家沟以及中原地区旧、新石器时代的石器工具的变化过渡是一种逐渐变化的过程。

This paper introduces a new lithic discovery from the Lijiagou site, which yields abundant cultural remains from the Upper Paleolithic to Neolithic. A preliminary study of these materials suggests that the assemblage varies with time and is characterized by flake tools from the early phase of the Upper Paleolithic and by microblade tools from the late phase of the Upper Paleolithic. In the early Neolithic and later, the knapped stone tools continued to be used in the Peiligang culture. According to this analysis, we propose that lithic technologies in central China changed gradually from Upper Paleolithic to Neolithic and present a long process of transition. The main cultural layer is Layer 6 in the southern area dated to 10300-10500 BP. It produced a microblade assemblage together with animal remains, indicating a hunter-gatherer occupation. The microblades were knapped from boat-shaped and conical microcores. The microblade and microcore are quite small but exhibit clear evidence of standardized knapping techniques and document the skillful employment of microbalde technology. Tools include end-scraper, side-scraper and an arrow. Associated with the microblade assemblage is a partly polished adze and some pottery. A new complex of Neolithic culture dated to 10000-9000 BP is identified above Layer 6. It is characterized with a large number of pottery sherds, grinding stones and artificially transported rocks. The cultural remains and anthropogenic features of these objects points to the sedentary nature of the human population. The animal remains show that small-sized mammals were mainly hunted, and the use of pottery and grinding stone indicates plant food in human diet.