四川省2000~2012年青海田鼠鼠疫自然疫源地监测结果分析

Surveillance result of natural foci of Microtus fuscus in Sichuan Province from 2000 to 2012

目的分析四川省青海田鼠鼠疫自然疫源地（简称青海田鼠疫源地）流行态势,为做好鼠疫防治工作提供应急对策。方法统计、整理、分析四川省2000~2012年期间的鼠疫监测资料。结果青海田鼠平均密度253.27只/hm2,发现青海田鼠体及巢穴蚤9种,细钩盖蚤和直缘双蚤指名亚种为主要寄生蚤,占93.21%,其他蚤种占6.69%;青海田鼠体蚤指数0.90,染蚤率42.48%,青海田鼠巢穴均染蚤,巢蚤指数53.65。实验室检测各种宿主动物材料14 323份,检出鼠疫菌98株;检验媒介蚤2 455组26 411只,获鼠疫菌11株。证实染疫动物8种,染疫媒介3种。用鼠疫间接血凝试验方法（IHA）检测动物血清3 369份,阳性215份,其中青海田鼠阳性血清102份,犬阳性血清94份,其他动物阳性血清19份。结论自2000年以来,四川省青海田鼠疫源地的动物鼠疫一直处于活跃状态,持续存在,应加强鼠疫宣传监测工作,防止发生人间鼠疫。

Objectives To analysis epidemic trend of natural foci of Microtus fuscus in Sichuan Province and provide the countermeasure for plague prevention and control.Methods The data of plague surveillance in Sichuan Province from 2000 to 2012 were collected and analyzed.Results The investigation showed an average density of Microtus fuscus of 253.27rats per hectare,9 kinds of fleas were discovered in Microtus fuscus bodys and lairs,The Callopsylla sparsicis and Amphipsylla tuta were main fleas（93.21%）.The other fleas accounted for 6.69%,Body flea index was 0.90,infection rate of fleas was 42.48%,every lair of Microtus fuscus had the fleas,nest flea index was 53.65.Fourteen thousand three hundred and twenty-three data of host animals were collected in laboratory,98 trains Y.pestis were detected;twenty-six thousand four hundred and eleven fleas of 2455 groups were examined,11 strains of Y.pestis were detected.There were 8 animals and 3 vector fleas were infected.Three thousand three hundred and sixty-nine animal serums were examined by IHA method and 215 were positive with 102 positive Microtus fuscus serums,94 dog serums and other 19 animal serums.Conclusion Since 2000,natural Foci of Microtus fuscus in Sichuan Province has been active state.The results showed that propaganda and surveillance work of plague control and prevention should be strengthened.