红罗非鱼鱼苗与繁殖期雌鱼脂肪酸组成的分析

Comparison of Fatty Acid Composition between Fry and Female Tilapia Oreochromis sp during Spawning Season

采用常规的化学分析方法及气相色谱技术检测了红罗非鱼鱼苗肌肉、繁殖期雌鱼肌肉、肝胰脏、腹脂和卵巢的脂肪酸组成与含量的变化。试验结果显示，繁殖期红罗非鱼雌鱼各组织及鱼苗肌肉检测到的脂肪酸中，C16：0、C16：1、C18：0、C18：1n-9、C18：2n-6含量较高，占总脂肪酸含量的78％以上。红罗非鱼组织中的各种脂肪酸含量因生长期和部位不同而异，鱼苗肌肉中 C18：2n-6含量最低（8．13％），显著低于繁殖期雌鱼各组织（ P＜0．05），雌鱼繁殖期肌肉、腹脂和卵巢中C18：2n-6含量为12．36％～16．27％（P＜0．05）；红罗非鱼鱼苗C20：4n-6含量（3．24％）仅次于雌鱼卵巢，高于雌鱼其他组织，繁殖期雌鱼C20：4n-6含量：卵巢＞肝胰脏＞肌肉＞腹脂。C20：5n-3和C22：6n-3含量在鱼苗肌肉中为0，在繁殖期雌鱼卵巢中最高（1．46％和4．73％），显著高于其他组织（ P＜0．05）。红罗非鱼鱼苗肌肉和繁殖期雌鱼各组织中n-3/n-6＜1。红罗非鱼鱼苗和繁殖期雌鱼肝胰脏、卵巢中，脂肪酸含量：饱和脂肪酸＞单不饱和脂肪酸＞多不饱和脂肪酸；繁殖期雌鱼肌肉和腹脂中，单不饱和脂肪酸＞饱和脂肪酸＞多不饱和脂肪酸。亲鱼饲料中应提高C18：2n-6含量以合成多不饱和脂肪酸，促进性腺发育；幼鱼饲料中应提高C20：4n-6含量，提高幼鱼品质。

The fatty acid composition in muscle of fry and muscle ,hepatopancreas ,abdominal fat and ovary of female tilapia Oreochromis sp were analyzed during spawning season by chemical method and gas chromatograph .The results showed that there were rich in C16：0 ,C16：1 ,C18 ：0 ,C18：1n-9 and C18：2n-6 , representing more than 78% in total fatty acid .Fatty acid content in tissues of the tilapia was varied with different growth stages and tissues of the fish .The fry had significantly lower muscular C18：2n-6 content （8 .13% ） than the females （12 .36% ~16 .27% ）（P hepatopancreas 〉 muscle〉 abdominal fat . The contents of C20 ：5n-3 and C22 ：6n-3 were found to be 0% in the fry ,with maximum （1 .46% and 4 .73% ）in the ovary of the females （P ΣMUFA〉 ΣPUFA in muscle of the fry and hepatopancreas and ovary of the females ,and ΣMUFA〉 ΣSFA〉 ΣPUFA in muscle and abdominal fat of the females during spawning season .The findings reveal that more C18 ：2n-6 content is added into broodstock diet to improve the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and to promote gonadal development ,and more C20 ：4n-6 content is found in larval diet to improve the juvenile quality .