宋明理学与道家道教之关系

Reviews and Discussions on the Relationship between Neo-Confucianism and Taoism

宋明儒在对隋唐佛道兴盛、儒学衰微之因做深刻反思的基础上,吸收了道家道教的心性论、本体论、生成论、修养论并将之融入儒学,使儒学更加精致和完满,促进了儒学复兴并重拾思想主导地位。与此相反,道家道教之地位却日益旁落,为了生存和发展,不得不做出理论调适,从宋明理学之性善论、修身论、伦理观、治世观等吸取养分,对道家道教产生了深远影响。其结果是道教走出山林,走向民间,更具普适性,但也因此渐失本真,渐趋衰微。总而言之,宋明理学与道家道教既为维护各自的道脉和学统而对抗斗争,又为发展自身理论而相互融摄,表现为互融互摄、相资为用的特点,但殊途而同归,共同推动了中国哲学和文化的发展。

Neo-Confucianism is constructed by the Neo-Confucians after their deep reflection to the declination of Confucianism＇s status in Sui and Tang dynasty on the basis of absorption to the ontology theory, generative theory, cultivation theory, Kungfu theory from Taoism and the integration of them into Confucianism, which has made Confucianism more delicate and perfect and revived its dominant role. On the contrary, the status of Taoism began to decline, so the scholars had to adjust their theories and absorb nutrition from Confucianism such as the theory of original goodness of human nature, moral character cultivation as well as the society administer theory, so as to get accord with the Confucianism＇s dominant position in order to survive and develop. Therefore, a kind of inter-absorption and blending relationship has been formed between Neo-Confucianism and Taoism. However, it has made the Taoism more secularized to accustom the masses and lost its primordial features gradually.