秦汉时期的行政区划及其演变

The Administrative Division and Its Evolution in Qin and Han Dynasties

秦代实行的行政区划是纯粹的郡县二级制,以郡辖县。楚汉之际实行的封建制以军功而非以宗法血缘为原则,与周代的封建制不同。西汉立国至景帝中元五年,封建制和郡县制并存;中元五年以后,汉代真正意义上的郡县制官僚政体才正式确立。汉代的州一直以监察区的形式存在,直到东汉灵帝中平五年,州作为行政区划正式出现,郡县制被州郡县制所取代。秦汉开创的行政区划制度对后世产生了深远影响。

The administrative division of Qin Dynasty was a pure two-tier system of prefectures and counties, in which pre- fectures presided over counties. The feudal system in the time of Chu-Han War was on the principle of military merit rather than patriarchal kinship, which differed from the feudal system of Zhou Dynasty. The feudal system and the system of prefectures and counties coexisted from the beginning of Western Han Dynasty to the fifth year of Emperor Jing. The real bureaucratic political system of prefectures and counties in Han Dynasty was formally established after that. States in Han Dynasty had been supervisory area until the fifth year of Emperor Ling in Eastern Han Dynasty, when they became administrative divisions, and the system of prefectures and counties was replaced by the system of states, prefectures and counties. The system of administrative division pio- neered in Qin and Han Dynasties had a far-reaching influence on later generations.