基于分簇的能量有效多路径路由协议的研究

Research on the Cluster-Based Energy-Efficient Multipath Routing Protocols for WSNs

提出了一种基于分簇和蚁群算法的能量有效的多路径路由协议CAEMP,适用于事件驱动和查询的混合数据采集方法。该协议通过把事件区域附近的节点成簇的方法来减少发送的数据量,簇头选举的时候综合考虑能量、邻居节点数量和事件信号强度等参数,控制事件区域簇的规模,制定了备份簇头的机制。事件区域形成的簇头通过蚁群算法形成到汇聚节点的多路径,对于汇聚节点,如果需要查询数据,可以采用发送搜索蚂蚁的方法,搜索信息素可以加快前向蚂蚁到达汇聚节点的速度。最后,事件区域的数据在簇头融合后就可以在蚁群算法形成的多路径上进行数据包的发送。在NS-2仿真环境下协议进行仿真实验,仿真结果表明,该协议延长了网络寿命,提高了能量有效性。

In order to design a routing protocol that is applied in the event-driven and query environment,an improved CAEMP protocol based on the clustering and improved ant colony optimization is proposed.CAEMP has three phases,which are cluster formation,constructing multipath and data transmission.Firstly,a cluster head is competed among nodes located in the event area according to some parameters,such as residual battery energy,the number of node＇s neighbors and the signal strength.The backup cluster head algorithm is adopted.If destination node wants to check some information,search ants travel from the destination node and add pheromone on the paths which they have passed by so as to supply some prior knowledge to the forward ants.Secondly,a number of good paths between the cluster head and destination are created with improved ACO algorithm.Finally,the aggregating data from cluster head will randomly select one of the paths with probability according to the pheromone values of the route entries.The simulation results show that CAEMP prolongs the network lifetime,and reduces the average energy consumption effectively.