3114例拟除虫菊酯类农药中毒咨询案例特征分析

Characteristic of 3114 consulted cases with pyrethroid pesticides poisoning

目的回顾性分析3 114例病例的拟除虫菊酯类农药中毒咨询病例特征,为农药管理及临床救治提供参考。方法整理分析中毒咨询热线数据库中拟除虫菊酯类农药病例的相关咨询数据,并借助统计软件SPSS 17.0对数据进行描述性分析。结果夏秋季中毒多发,中毒原因以自杀(51.57%)和意外及误服(28.87%)为主,<18岁儿童和青少年意外及误服占该组人群拟除虫菊酯类中毒的83.46%,不同年龄组中毒原因差异有统计学意义(χ2=4 460.35,P<0.01)。出现颜面部皮肤症状及眼部刺激症状者占总例数的37.4%,胆碱酯酶活性下降病例的比例占3.37%。农药种类以溴氰菊酯及含溴氰菊酯成分者最多(53.89%)。结论拟除虫菊酯类农药的中毒危害仍不容忽视,应进一步加强农药监管,并应强化安全保存理念,增强施用者个人防护意识,减少意外及误服中毒和职业接触中毒的发生。此类农药引起胆碱酯酶活性下降的原因有待进一步探讨。

Objective Retrospective analysis of characteristic of 3 114 consulted cases with pyrethroid pesticides poisoning in the national consultancy center was done to provide orientation for pesticide management and clinical treatment. Methods The original data was got from the data bank of consulted poisoning cases during 2008 - 2011, and the characterization of these cases was analyzed with SPSS 17.0. Results Poisoning cases usually occurred in summer and early autumn, and the major causes were suicide （51.57%）and accident or oral ingestion by mistake （28.87%）. Among the cases caused by accident or oral ingestion by mistake, the children and teenagers younger than 18 years old accounted for 83.46%. Poisoning causes varied greatly in different age groups （22 = 4 460.35 ,P 〈 0.01 ）. Face and/or eye irritation was reported among 37.4% cases, while low Ache level was reported among 3.73% cases. 53.89% cases were caused by deltamethrin and dehamethrin-containing pesticides. Conclusion Though pyrethroid pesticides had lower acute toxicity, the consequence of poisoning can＇t be ignored. It is suggested to strengthen the supervision of the pesticide and safe keeping, enhance the application of personal protection awareness, and reduce the incidence of accident,oral ingestion by mistake and occupational exposure poisoning. The Reasons for the decline of cholinesterase activity among such cases should be further explored in the future.