深圳市宝安区近10年职业性慢性苯中毒分析

Characterization of chronic occupational benzene poisoning cases in Baoan District of Shenzhen over the last decade

目的分析深圳市宝安区近10年职业性慢性苯中毒发病特点,为防控苯职业病危害提供科学依据。方法查阅近10年宝安区确诊的职业性慢性苯中毒病例所在企业的执法文书及职业卫生档案资料,并进行病例个案调查,对部分缺失数据进行现场调查补测。结果宝安区共发生慢性苯中毒74例,男女各37例,共分布在59家企业,53例发生在近3年,集中于印刷、电子、塑胶、五金等行业。各年间苯中毒检出率作趋势卡方分析,差异有统计学意义(χ2=36.277,P<0.01)。74例患者所在企业中,仅17例患者所在企业配备有防护设施及个人防护用品,1家企业做过职业卫生建设项目评价。结论近年来宝安区企业慢性苯中毒发病有逐年增多趋势,几乎分布于使用有机溶剂的所有企业,企业职业病危害因素依法监测和防护措施都严重不足。

Objective The characterization of chronic occupational benzene poisoning cases diagnosed in Baoan District over the past decade were analyzed, to provide the orientation for specific prevention and control of benzene hazards. Methods The records of the chronic benzene poisoning cases were inquired and the related information on occupational health work of the enterprises in which the cases worked were extracted from governmental management files. Results There were 74 （male 37 and female 37）cases diagnosed with chronic benzene poisoning in Baoan District in recent ten years. They came from 59 enterprises and 53 cases were diagnosed in recent 3 years. It showed there was a increasing trend of incidence with time going （ ）（2 = 36.277, P 〈 0.01）. Most cases worked in the printing,electron,plastic,and hardware industries. Among these 59 enterprises, only one enterprise carried out the occupational health evaluation after they put into production and 17 enterprises were equipped with protective equipment and provided the workers with personal protective equipment. Conclusion The chronic benzene poisoning cases in Baoan District was increasing in recent years.The cases can be found almost in all enterprises using organic solvents. More attention should be given to such enterprises and supervision to these enterprises should be strengthened.