留学生汉语语用能力发展状况研究

Development Status of Overseas Students' Pragmatic Competence

通过问卷调查和口头访谈,我们发现,留学生汉语语用能力整体偏低,并没有随着其语言能力的发展而提高。留学生语用能力低下的原因包括汉语文化知识的缺乏、留学生母语及其文化的负迁移,第三语言及其文化的负迁移,对外汉语教材及教学在语用能力培养方面存在不足等。今后的课堂教学,应加强语用知识的介绍和语用技能的训练,通过加强留学生的语用意识而提高他们的语用能力。

As has been discovered through a questionnaire and many interviews, the low pragmatic competence of overseas students does not naturally grow along with the development of their linguistic competence. What accounts for the phenomenon are such fac- tors as the students＇ insufficient knowledge of Chinese culture, the negative pragmatic transfer of their native languages and cul- tures, the negative transfer of the third language and its culture, and the inadequacy of pragmatic competence demonstrated in both textbooks and classroom teaching. It follows that more pragmatic knowledge is supposed to be introduced into textbooks and more stress placed on the training of the students＇ pragmatic skills so that their pragmatic awareness is raised and their pragmatic compe- tence improved.