滴灌条件下固体基质栽培番茄的水分需求规律研究

Study on the Water Requirement Rule of Tomato Cultivated by Solid Substrate with Drop Irrigation

在滴灌条件下，分别利用3种固体基质栽培春茬番茄，监测番茄在不同生育时期灌水过程中基质的含水量变化以及不同灌水额度（每次灌水量525、375和225 m3/hm2）对番茄生长和产量的影响。结果表明：滴灌条件下利用优选的棉籽皮与蛭石配比〔V（棉籽皮）∶V（蛭石）＝1∶1〕基质栽培的番茄，每次最佳灌水额度为375 m3/hm2。从番茄苗期到果期，不同基质的需水量以0.2～0.5倍的速度增长，而水分流失总量的速度增长却为1.68～4.30倍，主要是由于水分在基质内横向扩散速度低于向下渗漏速度而造成水分损失，在实际生产上可以采用更为高效的微喷等灌水方式替代滴灌。

In the drop irrigation condition, the tomatoes were cultivated with 3 kinds of solid substrates in Spring, and 3 irrigation levels （ everytime irrigation amount was 525, 375 and 225 m3/hm2 ） was designed, then the moisture content of substrates which irrigated at different growth stages of tomato were tested and the effects of different irrigation levels on the growth and yield of tomato were studied.The results showed that in the drop irrigation condition, cultivated with the optimal proportioning of cotton seed hull and vermiculite [V （cotton seed hull） ∶V （ vermiculite ） =1∶1 ] , the best irrigation amount of tomato was 375 m3/hm2.From the seedling to fruiting period, water demand of different substrates was increased with the speed of 0.2 -0.5 times, and the water loss amount of different substrates was raised by the speed of 1.68 -4.30 times, it was due to that the transverse diffusion velocity of water was lower than the downward seepage velocity in the substrates.A more efficient way such as the micro spray irrigation could be used to replace drop irrigation in the production.