未成年人犯罪记录封存制度的中国实践:适用与走向

On the practice of sealing up for safekeeping crime records of juvenile delinquency in China: Serviceability and trend

新《刑事诉讼法》将未成年人犯罪记录封存制度纳入其中,体现了对未成年当事人的特殊保护。但由于该规范本身过于原则、缺乏可操作性,与《公务员法》等诸多的民事、行政法律法规存在冲突等原因,导致其在司法实践中的贯彻落实和作用发挥存在困境。在中国语境下对其进行考量,应当通过相关的司法解释对该制度的启动主体、执行主体、封存程序、查询程序等加以细化,对"有关单位""国家规定"等术语加以明确,并修正与之相冲突的法律法规,以达致自身完善和系统协调;在国际语境下对其进行审视,应当由未成年人犯罪封存走向前科消灭,且适用于所有的未成年人案件。

The minor criminal record sealed system has been written into the new Code of Criminal Procedure, which embodies the special protection of the minor parties. But it is too brief and lack of maneuverability, what＇s more, there are conflicts with the Code of Civil Servants and many other civil and administrative laws and regulations, which result in the difficulties of its implementation in judicial practice and its role play. While in the Chinese context, the systems of the startup body, the executive body, sealing procedure, inquiring procedure, etc. should be refined through relevant judicial interpretation, the terms of＂relevant authorities＂, ＂state regulations＂, etc. should be defined, and the conflicting laws and regulations should be fixed so as to achieve its own being perfect and its system coordination. While in the international context, minor criminal record sealed system should go toward to elimination of criminal record, which should be applied to all cases involving minors.