“家园体验”与陶谢田园山水诗的文化差异

Home experience and the differences of cultural connotation between Tao Yuan-ming's pastoral poetry and Xie Ling-yun's landscape poetry

在处理人与自然及社会关系的诗学命题上,陶、谢的田园山水诗体现了截然不同的文化性质:田园富于人间情味,与人的关系表现为和谐;山水则突出远离人寰的荒野性质,诗人游赏其间凸显出主客关系的紧张。这与其个性化的家园体验有关:陶在躬耕归隐的田园人生中重构价值依据,获得生命的安顿;谢则徘徊在山林与朝廷之间苦苦寻觅精神的归宿,在情理冲突中提炼出山水幽奇之美。正是这种家园体验的差异造成了田园、山水不同的审美风貌。

Landscape sightseeing is closely connected with home experience in intellectuals＇ official business trips; however Tao Yuan-ming＇s pastoral poetry and Xie Ling-yun＇s landscape poetry give expression to a completely different cultural feature. Pastoral scene is harmonious with people while landscape stays intense. These are related to individualized homeland experience. Tao lived in seclusion in countryside and rebuilt value foundation to settle down in turbulent times, while Xie lingered between official circles and retirement to seek for spiritual homeland discovering the beauty of landscape in wilderness.