马铃薯抗低温糖化渐渗系培育和炸片品系筛选

Breeding Introgression Potato Lines with Resistance to Cold-Induced Sweetening and Screening for Chip Processing Lines

【目的】选择具有2n配子的马铃薯原始栽培种和野生种品系,与当地主栽品种杂交、回交多年获得马铃薯渐渗系,从中筛选适宜的马铃薯炸片品系和最佳抗低温糖化渐渗系亲本,开辟马铃薯原始栽培种和野生种利用的新途径和方法。【方法】通过马铃薯渐渗系后代群体田间农艺性状选择,不同储藏条件对炸片品质影响分析以及块茎中还原糖、酸性转化酶、游离氨基酸、薯片色泽和丙烯酰胺含量之间的相关性分析。【结果】原始栽培种S.phureja和野生种S.chacoense来源的渐渗系产量、干物质含量、商品率显著高于S.vernei和S.raphanifolium来源的渐渗系。低温储藏(4℃)180 d中,不同渐渗系还原糖积累能力显著不同。渐渗系0712-33、0722-90、0732-43和0742-66的还原糖含量较低,油炸后产生的丙烯酰胺含量较低,色泽鲜亮均匀,具有优良的炸片加工特性。【结论】利用马铃薯原始栽培种和野生种与栽培种杂交、回交创造马铃薯抗低温糖化渐渗系是一种有效可行的马铃薯育种方法,原始栽培种S.phureja和野生种S.chacoense是适合炸片品质改良的渐渗系亲本。

[Objective] The potato introgression lines were bred from hybridization and continuous backcrossing between the primitive and wild varieties with 2n gametes species and the main local cultivated potato varieties, so as to select the chip processing lines and the best introgression parents. [Method] The progenies were screened by their field agronomic traits three years at different ecological areas. The content of reducing sugars, free amino acids, acrylamide and activity of acid invertase were analyzed after storage at room and low temperatures and correlation analysis among chip colors and these data were conducted. [Result ] The introgression lines from S. phureja and S. chacoense had higher yield and dry matter content. The introgression lines showed the significantly different ability to accumulate reducing sugars through low temperature storage （4℃）. Introgression lines 0712-33, 0722-90, 0732-43 and 0742-66 had low levels of reducing sugars, acrylamide content and acceptable chipping colors. [Conclusion] The transfer of primitive and wild species＇ processing traits into local cultivars by hybridization and continuous backcrossing is an effective potato breeding method and that the germplasm resources S. phureja and S. chacoense are suitable for improving the processing traits of local varieties.