书仪源流述论

Comments on the Origin of Shuyi

对于敦煌出土书仪类文书的源流,前人有过不少研究。但是学者多专注于书仪内容的源流,而忽视了对书仪这类体裁最初产生和其体裁源流的研究。从书信的发展史来看,书仪大概产生于汉末。魏晋南北朝时期书仪体现的是世族风范。唐代综合类书仪的内容丰富,体制也趋于完善,有唐一代书仪向着通俗化与日用化的趋势发展。晚唐五代时期,藩镇割据的形势下大量产生的表状笺启类书仪,实质上是综合类书仪中官场书仪的扩大化与专门化,不能代表书仪类文体的发展趋势。宋元以后书仪逐渐发展成为居家日用的百科全书类著作。

Research has been done on the origins of letter-styled documents on rituals or ceremonies unearthed from Dunhuang; however, most of the research revolves around the origins of the contents of those documents but seldom works on the origin of the genre. Judging from the history of letters and correspondences, Shuyi （Letters and Ceremonies） as a genre was probably formed by the end of the Han Dynasty. In Wei, Jin and the Northern and Southern Dynasties Shuyi was dominated with family rituals and ceremonies. In the Tang Dynasty, Shuyi demonstrated a great variety in contents and got more formalized in style, though it was at the same time more secularized. During the late Tang and Five Dynasties, separate kingdoms were set up and official letters, documents and proclamations boomed. They were more oriented for official purposes and, in a strict sense, cannot be counted as belonging to the genre of Shuyi. After the Song and Yuan Dynasties Shuyi more and more took on the feature of encyclopedia for daily life.