依类象形与胸有成竹——汉字对文人画的影响

Pictograph and Association——Impacts of Chinese Characters on Literati Painting

象形字概括简约的结构特征与会意字联想对比的悟性思维模式对中国思维的形成与发展具有极为重要的影响,哲学中象与意的关系由此形成,"以形释义"的文字学方法也与"以形象论道"的哲学方法论融为一体,书写方式则保留了一定的巫术内容,它们共同培育了重神轻形的艺术精神。写意文人画的文化前提正是汉字中象与意的逻辑关系、书写中的巫术精神以及以形释义的文字学传统,而其最高境界则是得意忘象与破形传神。

The condensed and simple structural characteristics of Chinese pictographic characters, along with the associative and comparative perception thinking model of Chinese associative compounds, exert great influences on Chinese thinking mode and development. The relation between ＂form＂ and ＂content＂ thereafter come into being in Chinese philosophy, in which the content explanations based on characters in Chinese and Tao understood by image in philosophy mix together to be drawn and revealed by some witchcraft skills, both emphasize content rather than form in Chinese artistic spirit. The logical relationship between form and content, the witchcraft in painting and drawing, the content explanation by form in philological tradition, therefore, are the three cultural premises of Chinese Literati Painting, and the highest level of it is to express content without form and to convey meaning by distorting form.