乌蒙烟区气候生态特点分析

Climatic and Ecological Characteristics of Wumeng Tobacco-growing Areas

为了对乌蒙特色烟叶质量与风格成因提供气候生态学方面的参考,结合2007-2011年毕节威宁烟区的气候资料,分析了乌蒙烤烟种植区的气候生态特征,并与其他贵州烟区和国内部分烟区进行了差异比较,采用欧氏距离分析了威宁与国内其他代表产区的相似性。结果表明:乌蒙烟区具有海拔较高、日照充足、大田期温度较低和降雨量较少等特点。无霜期和大田期均温年际波动较大,变化趋势不稳定;大田期降雨量和≥10℃活动积温分别呈现较明显的减少和增加的波动趋势;全生育期光热量指标和年日照时数相对稳定,日照时数表现出增加趋势。气候生态相似性以威宁与玉溪的最为接近,与凉山烟区的相似性次之,与许昌烟区的差异最大。

The climatic and ecological characteristics of Wumeng tobacco-growing areas were analyzed based on the meteorological data of Weining during 2007-2010to provide climatic and ecological references for studying on tobacco quality and style formation of Wumeng characteristic tobacco.The difference analysis of climatic conditions between Wumeng and other areas in Guizhou Province was conducted,while the similarity of meteorological factors between Wumeng and other domestic tobaccogrowing areas was analyzed with the Euclidean distance computational formula.The results showed that Wumeng tobacco growing areas were provided with a relatively high altitude and an adequate sunshine duration.While its average temperature during field period was lower and the precipitation was less.There existed wide fluctuations of frost-free period and average temperature during field period in different years.Moreover,the precipitation during field period and≥10℃cumulative temperature were fluctuant declining and rising,respectively.The indexes of sunshine durations and heat were quite stable,and an increasing trend of sunshine durations was revealed.It was indicated from the ecological similarity analysis that Weining's climate and ecology was the most similar to Yuxi,while Liangshan and Xuchang took the second and third place in turn.