不同种类有机肥施用对初烤烟叶化学品质的影响

Effects of Different Organic Fertilizers on Chemical Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaf

通过盆栽试验研究了玉米秸秆、猪粪、未腐熟肥和腐熟肥等4种有机肥对烤烟化学品质的影响.结果表明,供试4种有机肥对初烤烟叶糖类和淀粉的积累均有一定促进作用,对烟叶总氮和烟碱的累积有一定的抑制作用,其中,玉米秸秆处理烟叶两糖差和氮碱比较其他有机肥处理更为协调.各有机肥处理与对照相比,上部叶、中部叶和下部叶总糖、还原糖和淀粉含量分别增加了12.3％～35.3％、0～48.5％和14.7％～667.4％,总氮和烟碱含量分别降低了4.0％～48.1％和20.6％～69.8％;玉米秸秆、猪粪和未腐熟肥施用对烟叶酸性成分和中性致香物质总量的形成有不同程度的抑制作用,三者与对照相比,不同部位叶片酸性成分总量分别下降了28.6％～62.7％、23.1％～58.0％和35.1％～41.8％,中性致香物质总量分别下降了43.0％～54.5％、1.7％～18.6％和1.3 ％～29.6％,腐熟肥对烟叶酸性成分和中性致香物质总量的形成无显著影响;4种有机肥对烟叶潜香型物质的形成有一定的抑制效应,其中以猪粪的抑制效应最为显著.与对照相比,猪粪处理上部叶、中部叶和下部叶潜香型物质总量分别下降了39.0％、40.4％和22.5％.

A pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of four different organic fertilizers （corn stalk,pig manure,non-decomposed organic fertilizer and decomposed organic fertilizer） on the chemical quality of flue-cured tobacco leaf.The results showed that,all the four organic fertilizers had a positive impact on the accumulation of carbohydrate and starch,while had a inhibitory impact on the accumulation of total nitrogen and nicotine in flue-cured tobacco leaf.In addition,the margin oftwo sugar and nitrogen-nicotine ratio in the corn stalk treatment was more reasonable.Compared to the CK,the content of total sugar,reducing sugar and starch in the upper leaf,the middle leaf and the lower leaf in each treatment were increased by 12.3 ％-35.3 ％,0-48.5 ％ and 14.7 ％-667.4 ％,respectively,while the content of total N and nicotine was decreased by 4.0 ％-48.1％ and 20.6 ％-69.8 ％,respectively.The corn stalk,pig manure and non-decomposed organic fertilizer had different degree of inhibitory impacts on the acidic components and neutral aroma components in flue-cured tobacco leaf.Compared to the CK,the total amount of the acidic components in different position of the leaves in the three treatments were decreased by 28.6 ％-62.7 ％,23.1％-58.0 ％ and 35.1％-41.8 ％,respectively,the total amount of neutral aroma components in different position of the leaves in the three treatments were decreased by 43.0 ％-54.5 ％,1.7 ％-18.6 ％ and 1.3 ％-29.6 ％,respectively.The effects of decomposed organic fertilizer on the acidic components and neutral aroma components were not significant.All the four organic fertilizers had an inhibitory impact on the formation of latent fragrant substances in flue-cured tobacco leaf,in which the inhibitory effect of pig manure was most obvious.Compared to the CK,the total amount of the latent fragrant substances in the upper leaf,middle leaf and lower leaf in the pig manure treatment were decreased by 39.0 ％,40.4 ％ and 22.5 ％,respectively.