籽用南瓜种质资源形态学多样性分析

Morphological diversity analysis of seed- used pumpkin germplasm resources

摘要：利用44个形态学标记对76份籽用南瓜进行遗传多样性分析，结果表明，供试材料的遗传多样性较丰富，各植物学性状的变异系数在3．79％～37．95％之间，其中瓜形变异系数最大为37．95％，瓜皮颜色次之为23．71％，种子周缘颜色的变异系数最小为3．79％。基于形态学标记的遗传距离矩阵对76份籽用南瓜种质进行聚类分析，将76份材料分为美洲南瓜和印度南瓜2个类群，与南瓜传统分类基本一致。主成分分析确定瓜型、种皮颜色、生长习性、老瓜瓜面斑纹、瓜梗质地、瓜面蜡粉、瓜瘤有无、皮壳质量、种仁质量、千粒重、种子宽、子叶宽、生长势、单瓜种子数是南瓜种质资源植物学性状多样性的主要指标，并提出皮壳质量、种仁质量、千粒重、种子颜色、瓜型5个性状作为籽用南瓜资源植物学描述评价的代表性状。

44 morphological markers were facilitated to assess genetic diversity among 76 seed-used pumpkins. The results showed that the coefficient of variation （CV） based on botanical traits ranged from 3.79% to 37.95%. Among those data, the coefficient of variation of the fruit shape was maximum, reaching up to 37.95%. The second was the coefficient of variation of the fruit surface color, reaching up to 23.71% and the minimum was the color of seed margin, down to 3.79%. 76 accessions were clustered based on genetic distance matrix by morphological markers. As revealed by cluster analysis of morphological markers, the 76 materials grouped into two, which were consistent with seed-used pumpkin traditional classification. By the principal components data, fruit shape, seed color, growth habit, texture of fruit stalk, fruit surface wax, number of fruit tumor shell weight （SW）, kernel weight, 1000-seed weight（1000SWT）, seed width, cotyledon width, growth potential, number of seeds per fruit were main index of botanical diversity for seed-used pumpkin germ plasm resource. Five traits （SW, kernel weight, 1000SWT, seed color, fruit shape） were representative for seed-used pumpkin resource botanical descriptive evaluation.