不同作物秸秆还田对设施黄瓜生长及光合特性的影响

Effects of Different Crop Straw Returnings on Growth and Photosynthesis Characteristic of Cucumber

以黄瓜品种‘津优4号’和经过1年腐熟的花生秸秆、玉米秸秆和稻壳为试验材料,研究不同作物秸秆还田对黄瓜生长、营养吸收及光合特性的影响。结果显示:(1)与对照相比,不同作物秸秆还田不仅显著增加了黄瓜植株的根系活力和叶片硝酸还原酶活性,而且提高了黄瓜叶片的叶绿素含量、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和实际光化学效率(ФPSⅡ)及光合速率,使得黄瓜叶片对光能的利用效率增加,净光合速率显著增强。(2)不同秸秆还田还促进了黄瓜的株高、茎粗、地上部和根系的干鲜重增加,显著提高了黄瓜产量。(3)玉米秸秆还田效果最好,其黄瓜产量(5 765.74g·m-2)较对照显著提高了43.8%,其次为花生秸秆还田,稻壳还田效果稍差。研究表明,秸秆还田促进了黄瓜植株根系吸收能力,显著增强了叶片的氮代谢、光能利用效率、净光合速率,从而促进了黄瓜植株的生长发育,提高了产量,并以玉米秸秆还田效果最佳。

With cucumber varieties ‘Jinyou No.4’ and peanut vine straw,corn straw and rice husk of after 1 year rotten as test materials,the effects of different crops straw returning on growth and photosynthesis characteristic of cucumber were investigated in protected cultivation.The results showed that：（1）Crop straw returning not only could significantly increase root activity and leaf nitrate reductase activity of cucumber,but also could improve leaf chlorophyll content,Fv/Fm,ФPSⅡ and photosynthetic rate of cucumber leaves,compared with the control.So light use efficiency of cucumber leaves was increased,net photosynthetic rate significantly enhanced,thereby promoting growth and development of cucumber.（2）The plant height and stem increased,the fresh and dry weight of cucumber increased,and significantly improved the yield of cucumber.（3）One of the best straw returning is maize straw returning,its yield reached 5 765.74 g·m-2,the treatment yields 43.8% higher than compared with the control;followed by peanut vine straw returning,rice husk straw returning less effective.We concluded that straw returning promoted root absorption capacity,significantly improved leaf nitrogen metabolism,light energy use efficiency,net photosynthetic rate of cucumber,so as to promote the growth of the cucumber plant,improve the production,and the effect of corn straw returning was the best.