湖南黄桑国家级自然保护区野生藤本植物多样性和生态特征

Diversity and Ecological Characteristics of Wild Liana in Hunan Huangsang National Nature Reserve

采用野外实地调查、标本采集和室内查证相结合的方法,对湖南黄桑国家级自然保护区野生藤本植物多样性和生态特征进行了系统研究,为湖南黄桑野生藤本植物资源的保护与可持续利用提供依据。结果表明:(1)湖南黄桑自然保护区共有藤本植物45科113属250种,分别占该区种子植物科、属、种的21.13%、13.33%、12.32%,其中蕨类植物3科3属3种,被子植物42科110属247种;在被子植物中,双子叶藤本具有明显的优势,有37科105属223种,单子叶藤本处于次要地位,仅有5科5属24种。(2)该保护区的区系藤本植物中,含10个种以下的科和属分别占总科数、总属数的82.22%和97.35%,优势科主要有葡萄科、毛茛科、蝶形花科、蔷薇科、卫矛科、旋花科、薯蓣科、葫芦科等,优势属主要有铁线莲属、悬钩子属、猕猴桃属、葡萄属、菝葜属、薯蓣属等。(3)在观赏特性方面,该保护区的大部分藤本植物都具有2种以上的观赏特性,其中以观叶的最多,占总种数的92.80%,观茎的最少,仅占总种数的2.00%。(4)在攀援方式方面,该保护区的缠绕藤本植物具有优势,占总种数的46.40%,搭靠类、卷曲类和吸固类较少,分别占总种数的24.40%、18.00%和11.20%。(5)在生活型方面,以高位芽藤本植物为主导,占总种数的80.80%,一年生、地下芽和地上芽藤本植物较少,分别占总种数的10.80%、7.60%和0.80%。(6)在繁育系统方面,以两性花为主,单性花中雌雄异株种数多于雌雄同株,两性花、单性花和杂性花分别占70.40%、28.40%和1.20%。(7)湖南黄桑自然保护区的植物区系组成以热带分布类型为主,热带分布属共有72属,占总属数的63.72%。

We conducted a systematic research on the diversity and ecological characteristics of wild liana in Hunan Huangsang National Nature Reserve,by means of field survey,sample collection and indoor investigation.The study results showed that：（1）There are 45 families,113 genera and 250 species of liana in Hunan Huangsang,accounting for 21.13%,13.33% and 12.32%,respectively,of overall liana plants in the same region.Among all these liana,there are 3 families,3 genera and 3 species of pteridophyte,and there are 42 families,110 genera and 247 species of angiosperm.For the angiosperm,dicotyledonous liana dominate and have 37 families,105 genera and 223 species,while monocotyledonous liana contain only 5 families,5 genera and 24 species.（2）For all the liana in this region,the families and genera which have less than 10 species accounts for 82.22% and 97.35% of entire families and genera,respectively.The dominant families contain Vitaceae,Ranunculaceae,Papilionaceae,Rosaceae,Celastraceae,Convolvulaceae,Dioscoreaceae,Cucurbitaceae and etc.The dominant genera contain Clematis,Rubus,Actinidia,Vitis,Smilax,Dioscorea and etc.（3）In the ornamental view,the majority of liana own at least 2 types of ornamental characteristics.Foliage plants have the most species,accounting for 92.80% of overall species,while stem-viewed plants have the least species,accounting for 2.00% of overall species.（4）In terms of climbing style,the majority is twining liana,accounting for 46.40% of overall species,while the minorities include curling,hooking and adhering liana,accounting for 24.40%,18.00% and 11.20% of overall species,respectively.（5）In terms of life-form,phanerophyte liana dominates,accounting for 80.80% of overall species,while the minorities include annual plant,geophytes,and chamaephytes,accounting for 10.80%,7.60% and 0.80% of overall species,respectively.（6）In terms of breeding system,hermaphrodite flowers dominate.Of all unisexual flowers,dioecious plants have more species than the monoecious ones.Hermaphrodite,unisexual flowers and polygama account for 70.40%,28.40% and 1.20% of overall species,respectively.（7）There are 72 tropical genera,which dominates the floristic composition and accounts for 63.72% of entire genera.