固态离子学的新应用

New Applications of Solid State Ionics

固态离子学是研究固体中快离子输运规律及其应用的科学。它是上世纪70年代发展起来的一门新兴学科, 重点研究具有快离子传导特性的固体电解质材料以及具有离子/电子混合传导特性的电极材料。近年来, 固体离子及混合导电化合物在二次电池、燃料电池、传感器、超级电容器、电色器件、太阳能电池等方面的应用取得了突破性进展, 锂离子电池在各种电子器件中的大规模应用及其新材料体系的发现[1-2]、钠硫电池在大规模储能应用中的领先地位、ZEBRA电池在储能市场上的崛起、固体氧传感器在市场上的稳步发展以及SOFC逐步迈进市场成为固态离子学领域一个个闪光点, 极大地促进了新能源利用、电动汽车开发以及智能电网建设等重大任务的实施, 多领域的科学家和工程技术人员投身到固态离子学的研究中。

During the past four decades, Solid State Ionics （SSI） field has attracted numerous researchers and engineers to cultivate new technologies which plays important roles in the development of sustainable energy utilization and clean transportation tools. The commercialization of lithium ion battery, sodium sulfur battery, sodium chloride battery, solid oxygen sensors have illustrated the success of SSI’s theories and technologies. The discovery and successful applications of ionic or mixed conductive materials, such as LiCoO2 and LiFePO4 as active materials of lithium ion battery cathode, Na-β/β″-Al2O3 ceramics as solid electrolytes and separators for sodium based batteries, ZrO2 as electrolytes for SOFC and oxygen sensors, and the newly developed Li10GeP2S12[1] and Li7La3Zr2O12[2] as lithium ion conductor, laid a solid foundation for the development of SSI technologies.