正常人群的情绪状态与瞳孔大小的关系

Correlation between emotional status and pupils size in normal people

目的探讨正常人群不同情绪状况、性别及年龄与瞳孔直径及瞳孔直径变化的关系。方法对在北京首都国际机场地面出租车等候区等候的人群进行观察，记录自愿受访的60名（60眼）等候者性别、年龄和情绪状态以及瞳孔直径的大小、直径变化情况。按照被观察者年龄分为低年龄组（18～40岁）和高年龄组（4l岁以上），并根据其情绪记录其为愉快、平静、焦虑及急躁4种状态。被观察人群不同性别、年龄及情绪状况下瞳孔直径及直径变化情况的比较应用单因素方差分析，组间两两比较行IJsD检验。结果愉快、平静、焦虑及急躁4种状态被观察者瞳孔直径分别为（5，34±1．41）mm、（3．50±1．25）mm、（3．17±0．86）mm及（4．91±1．81）mm，瞳孔直径变化分别为（3．24±1．99）mm、（1．62±1．25）mm、（1．01±0．89）mm及（2．86±1．93）mm；不同情绪状态下被观察者瞳孔直径及直径变化情况差异有统计学意义（F=10．86、9．87，均为P=0．000）。愉快组瞳孔直径及变化程度与平静组、焦虑组差异均有统计学意义（P=0．001、0．007；p=0．000、0．000），而与急躁组无明显差异（P=0．375、0．467）。急躁组瞳孔直径及变化程度与平静组、焦虑组差异均有统计学意义（P=0．027、0．042；P=0．001、0．001），而平静组与焦虑组之间两项指标无明显差异（P=0．560、0．297）。男性及女性被观察者瞳孔直径分别为（4．61±1．64）mm及（2．95±1．58）mm，瞳孔直径变化分别为（3．01±1．52）mm及（1．86±1．04）mm；不同性别瞳孔直径及变化程度差异有统计学意义（F=9．58、10．34，均为P=0．000）。男性瞳孔直径较女性偏大，变化能力偏强。低年龄组及高年龄组被观察者瞳孔直径分别为（5．10±1．62）mm及（3．84±1．47）mm，瞳孔直径变化分别为（2．97±1．45）mm及（1．23±0．69）mm；不同年龄被观察者瞳孔直径及变化程度差异有统计学意义（F=8．29、11．47，均为P=0．000）。年轻人瞳孔直径大小较年长者偏大，变化能力偏强。结论正常人群瞳孔直径及变化程度与其情绪状态相关，愉快状态下瞳孔直径大并且瞳孔变化程度大，焦虑状态下瞳孔直径小并且瞳孔变化程度小。男性及年轻人较女性及年长者瞳孔直径大并且变化程度大。

Objective To analyze the correlation between emotional status, age, gender and the size and alteration of pupils in normal people. Methods A toatl of 60 volunteers （60 eyes） waiting for taxis in the ground transportation waiting zone of BCIA （Beijing Capital International Airport） were interviewed. Emotional status, gender, age, the size and alteration of volunteers＇ pupils were recorded. Emotional status included happiness, calmness, anxiety and impatience. People were divided into low-aged group （younger than 40 years old） and high-aged group（ older than 40 years old）. Comparison of the size and alteration of pupils in different gender, age, and emotional status group were analyzed by the means of ANOVA, difference between two groups was analyzed by LSD test. Results The size of pupils in cases with emotional status of happiness, cahrmess,anxiety and impatience were （5.34 ± 1.41 ） rnm, （3.50 ± 1.25） ram, （3.17 ±0. 86）mm and（4.91 ±1.81 ） mm,respectively, and the alteration were（3.24 ± 1.99） ram, （ 1.62 ± 1.25 ） mm, （ 1.01 ±0. 89 ）mm and（2.86 ± 1.93 ） mm, respectively, the difference of the size and alteration of pupils under different emotional status were statistically significance（F = 10.86,9.87 ;All P = 0.00 ）. There were statistical differences in the size and alteration of pupils between happiness group and calmness group, anxiety group （P = 0. 001,0. 007 ; P = 0. 000,0. 000 ）, but no statistical difference between happiness group and impatience group （P = 0. 375,0. 467）. There were statistical differences in the size and alteration of pupils between impatience group and calmness group, anxiety group（P = 0. 027,0. 042 ;P = 0. 001,0.001 ）, but there was no statistical difference between calmness group and anxiety group （P = 0.550,0. 297 ）. The size of pupils in male and female group were （4.51 ± 1.54） mm and（2.95 ± 1.58） ram,respectively,the alteration were（3.01 ± 1.52）ram and（ 1.86 ± 1.04） mm, respectively, there were statistical differences （F = 9.58,10.34 ;All P = 0.00 ）. The size of pupils in young and elder group were （5. 10 ± 1.62 ）mm and （ 3.84 ±1.47 ） mm, respectively, the alteration were （ 2.97 ± 1.45 ） mm and （ 1.23 ± 0.69 ） mm, there were statistical differences （F = 8.29,11.47 ; All P = 0.00 ）. The size of pupil were bigger and changes faster in young group than elder group. Conclu- sion In normal people, pupillary size and reaction capacity is related to their emotional status. The size of pupil is bigger and changes faster under happiness status, while it is smaller and slower under anxiety status. Men and young people have bigger pupil and faster response than female and older people.