数值模拟技术在风电场宏观选址中的应用

The application of numerical simulation technique to macro-siting of wind farm

现有气象站分布稀疏,难以全面反映潜在大风区域。数值模拟技术通过提高研究区域的空间分辨率,弥补气象站点分布稀疏的缺陷。利用中尺度天气预报模式WRF对2009年吉林省西部地区风能资源进行了数值模拟。结果表明:数值模拟结果反映了实际风速日变化和年变化规律,10、50 m和70 m高度模拟值与实际观测值相关系数分别达到0.889、0.862和0.865,均达0.001的显著水平;模拟结果揭示了地面观测资料未反映出来的潜在大风区。经实际立测风塔观测证实,数值模拟技术可以用于风电场宏观选址。同时揭示了模拟的风速较实际风速大,且模拟风速空间分布差异小于观测的风速,说明现有数值模式模拟的精度还存在着局限性,风电场微观选址仍依赖于立测风塔进行实地观测。

It was difficult to confirm the potential wind area according to the meteorological data from the current sparse weather stations.However,the numerical simulation technique can make it up with improving the spatial resolution.The wind energy resource of 2009 in the west of Jilin province was simulated by the WRF （weather research and forecast） model.The results show the diurnal and annual variations of wind speed could be simulated well.The correlation coefficients between simulated and observed values at 10 m,50 m and 70 m heights are 0.889,0.862 and 0.865,respectively,and they all pass 0.001 significance level test.Simulation results could reveal the potential wind area that may not be explored by the observational data.The numerical simulation techniques can be used for siting of wind farm,which is confirmed by the observation of wind tower.It reveals that the simulated wind speed is higher than the observed speed and the simulated spatial distribution differences are less than observed one.It suggests that there is limitation for the accuracy of existing numerical model,so wind farm micrositing would be still relied on the observation of wind tower.