1311例儿童道路交通伤害特征分析和预防措施

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics on 1311 cases of minor traffic injuries and the possible prevention

目的探讨儿童道路交通伤害流行病学特征，提高儿童道路交通伤害救治水平和防范措施。方法回顾分析德阳市人民医院自2011年1月一12月收治的1311例儿童道路交通伤害致伤原因及临床特点。结果1311例儿童道路交通伤害病例，最易发生伤害年龄段在5-9岁（55．45％），高于其他儿童年龄段。儿童道路交通伤害以轻伤为主，擦挫伤为主要类型。汽车和摩托车是最主要肇事车辆和导致死亡的肇事车辆，主要的致死原因为颅脑损伤和腹部损伤。道路交通伤害主要发生在市区，发生的时间主要在交通拥堵的上、下班时段。结论德阳市儿童道路交通伤害有其自身的流行病学特点，加强看护，制定科学防范措施，政府立法保障及改进急救体系和服务模式等社会多方面的共同参与，将能有效的减少儿童道路交通伤害的发生。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of traffic injuries for minors at age of less than 14 years old, and provide scientific basis for prevention of traffic injury for minor. Methods 1311 cases of minor patients with traffic injuries at age of〈14 years old admitted in between January and December 2011 were analyzed retrospectively, and the clinical epidemiological characteristics and causes to the injuries were discussed. Results In the three groups, group of 4-year old and younger, group of between 5 and 9-year old, and group of between 9 and 14-year old, 55.45% of them was the groups between 5 and 9-year old, higher than the rest groups, with minor injury. The vehicles involved in the accident were cars and motorcycles. There were even death cases which were caused by severe craniocerebral trauma and abdominal trauma. The most injuries occurred in rush hours in urban area. Conclusion A combination of enhanced chaperone, effective preventive measures, pertinent legislation, improved emergency systems and services, is considered being effective in reducing the injury occurrence.