北京市某三甲医院5年内8323例皮肤科急诊患者回顾性研究

Dermatological emergencies： Retrospective analysis of 8323 patients during 5 years in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Beijing

目的分析北京友谊医院皮肤科急诊患者特点、疾病种类及变化规律。方法收集2008年1月～2012年12月于北京友谊医院急诊及皮肤科急诊就诊的所有患者，对患者的性别、年龄、就诊时间、疾病诊断、急诊留观情况等进行总结分析。结果5年内共有8323例患者于皮肤科急诊就诊，占急诊总量的1.87％，平均年龄为（34．84±18．88）岁，男性占42．81％，女性占57．19％。其中14岁以下患者907例，占10．90％。共有21种疾病诊断分类，最常见的为荨麻疹、血管性水肿（39．17％），随后为皮炎湿疹类皮肤病（32．48％）和病毒感染性皮肤病（14．13％）。急诊留观大于24h或立即收住院的患者占0．18％，其最常见的诊断为药疹。结论皮肤科急诊病种主要以变态反应性皮肤病和感染性皮肤病为主，重症患者及急症患者比例较低，但这些疾病可能威胁患者生命，是皮肤科急诊中的关键。

Objective To analysis the characteristics of patients visiting our hospital＇ s emergency department for dermatologic conditions. Methods A retrospective study was conducted in the emergency department of Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, during a 5-year period from 2008 to 2012. All skin conditions were diagnosed by dermatologist. We collected data on gender, age and diagnosis. Results 8323 patients were included （1.87% of all emergency cases） in our study .The mean age was 34.84± 18.88 years old and there was significant different between gender （male 42.81%, female 57.19%）. 907 patients （10.90%） were under 14 years old. A total of 21 diagnostic categories were made. The most common category was urticaria and angioedema（39.17%）, followed by dermatitis and eczema （32.48%） and viral infection （14.13%）. In 0.18% of cases, the patient was admitted immediately, most frequently for drug eruption. Conclusion The most common skin conditions of emergency department patients were allergic dermatosis and infections. Real severe and emergency cases were not common, but they were crucial to the dermatological emergency.