云南及周边地区麻疯树种子的油脂评价及利用

Evaluation of Oil in Jatropha curcas ( Euphorbiaceae) Seeds and Utilization of Recourses Collected from Yunnan Province and Its Adjacent Regions

2008年8~11月对云南及周边麻疯树种质资源调查并收集200余份种子,进行了种子和种仁含油量评价;通过选取代表样地,即云南双柏南布河边及昆明东川区炭窑子,进行了工业出油率评价,发现种子工业出油率33.38%~44.90%;选取6个代表样地评价了种质资源的生物学性状、油脂的理化性质和脂肪酸成分分析,发现四川宁南种子千粒重713.90 g,6个样地平均种仁含油量60.52%,云南宾川种子的不饱和脂肪酸含量高达79.68%;云南育种工作者利用收集的种质资源,以高产、种壳薄脆、高含油量等为选育目标,其中选育出麻疯树高产品种2个、高含油量品种4个、高油酸品种1个。

More than 200 of germplasm resources of Jatropha curcas were collected from October to November in 2008 from Yunnan and its adjacent regions, oil content of seed and kernel were evaluated. The oil industrial rate of samples from Nanbu River in Shuangbai County of Yunnan and Dongchuan District of Kunming were evaluated. It was discovered that oil industrial rate of those germplasm resources is up to 33.38% ~ 44.90%. The biological characteristics, physical and chemical properties of seed oil and fatty-acid compositions of Jatropha curcas seed from 6 different sample places were evaluated, which showed that average oil content of kernel from 6 Jatropha curcas samples is 60.52%, 1000-seed weight 713.9 g from Ningnan of Sichuan, and unsaturated fatty-acid 79.68% in seed from Binchuan of Yunnan. The statistics above implied that Yunnan breeders should focus on varieties with thin, crisp hull of seed, high oil content to make good use of germplasm resources. Now we have bred 2 varietiies with high production, g varieties with high oil content, a variety with high oleic acid in Yunnan province.