高州市典型荔枝园施肥状况调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis of Status in Fertilization of Litchi Orchards in Gaozhou

[目的]为了弄清楚高州市果农在荔枝种植过程中的施肥状况,并提出一些施肥建议。[方法]采用调查问卷的方法,对高州市典型荔枝园施肥状况进行调查与分析。[结果]广东省高州市典型荔枝园化肥氮(N)、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)的施用量平均为1.079、0.631、0.974 kg/(株·年),化肥N∶P2O5∶K2O为1.00∶0.58∶0.90。有机肥氮、磷、钾的施用量平均为0.212、0.069和0.097 kg/(株·年),有机肥中N∶P2O5∶K2O为1.00∶0.33∶0.46。[结论]高州荔枝园以施用化肥为主,有机肥施用不足。参考有关用肥标准,高州市荔枝园氮肥、磷肥施用过量,钾肥偏低,且养分在荔枝3个营养阶段分配比例不合适,建议在果实生长发育阶段减少氮肥,增施钾肥。

[Objective]The research aimed to make clear the fertilization status and its main problems of the litchi orchards in Gaozhou of Guangdong Province and give some fertilization suggestion. [ Method] The questionnaire-investigation method was used to investigate and ana- lyze the fertilization status. [ Result ] The chemical fertilizer N, P205, K20 average application rates of litehi were 1. 079, 0.631 and 0. 974 kg with the typical planters, and the chemical fertilizer N：P2Os：K20 was 1.00：0.58：0.90. The organic, fertilizer .N , P2 05 and K20 average appli- cation rates of litehi were 0.212, 0. 069 and O. 097 kg, and the organic fertilizer N：P20s：K20 was 1：00：0.33：0.46. [ Conclusion ] In the litchi orchards of Gaozhou, most of the fertilizer was chemical fertilizer, and the organic manure was insufficient. Excessive nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers was applied, while potassium was deficient. As well, the ratios of nutrient weren＇ t appropriate during the three growth stages of litchi planting, so the quantity of nitrogen should be decreased, while the quantity of potassium should be increased.