玛纳斯河流域土地利用与土壤类型空间分布的关系

On Relationship between Land Use and Soil Types Spatial Distribution in Manas River Basin

玛纳斯河流域土壤类型的空间分布在一定程度影响土地利用的空间分布格局和变化过程。随着人类活动的日益加强,土地利用的变化导致土壤类型发生变化。将地理信息系统与景观生态学分析方法相结合,运用ArcGIS、Fragstats软件,以玛纳斯河流域为例,研究了土地利用与土壤类型空间分布之间的相互关系。结果表明:地形对土地利用分布结构的影响明显,导致土地利用在局部空间聚集特征的形成。人为干扰较少的其他用地主要分布在Ⅲ1和Ⅲ2,裸露地主要在Ⅰ1分布,草地主要分布在Ⅰ1和Ⅰ2,林地主要分布在Ⅰ1和Ⅲ1,人文景观如居民点与特殊用地以Ⅱ2、Ⅱ4和Ⅱ1分布最多,耕地主要分布在Ⅱ3和Ⅱ4。土壤以草甸土面积最大,分布在Ⅰ1和Ⅲ2,其次是风沙土,分布在Ⅲ2和Ⅲ1,盐土分布在Ⅲ3和Ⅱ2,棕钙土分布在Ⅰ2,栗钙土分布在Ⅰ2和Ⅰ1。耕地主要分布在栗钙土和灰漠土,林地主要分布在灰漠土和草甸土,草地主要分布在草甸土和棕钙土。草甸土以居民点与特殊用地所占比例最多,风沙土和盐土以其他用地的面积最大,棕钙土的草地面积占98.09%,灌淤土分布的土地利用类型最复杂。土地利用与土壤类型存在一定的相关性,其平均斑块面积与其多样性指数呈负相关,而区总面积与多样性指数之间的相关性较差,但土壤的多样性指数与区总面积的相关性要比土地利用类型的好。在土地利用类型与土壤之间,类型面积与平均斑块面积、多样性指数存在相关性。

The spatial distribution of soil types may affect land use structure and change in the Manas River Basin, due to the impacts of in- tensive human activity, the land use change drives soil types change. In this study, a case study was carried out in the Manas River Basin fo- cusing on the relationship between the soil spatial pattern and land use pattern by using geographical information system, landscape ecology a- nalysis＇methods with ArcGIS and Fragstats. The results show that： The land use types less involved by human, such as other useless land is mainly distributed in llll and I^2, bare land is mainly distributed in ｜ 1, grassland is mainly in the [ 1 and [ 2, forest land is mainly dis- tributed in I I and II11, while the human landscape, such as residential centre and special use land are mainly distributed in 112, ]14 artd II 1, farmland is mainly distributed in lI 3 and I14. Meadow soil is the main soil type, and mainly distributed in I 1 and III2, Aeolian sandy soil is mainly distributed in III2 and III 1, saline soil is mainly distributed in III3 and II 2, the other types of soil have the： less area. Farmland is mainly distributed in chestnut soil and gray desert soil, forest land is mainly distributed in the gray desert soil and meadow soil, grassland is mainly distributed in the meadow soil and brown soil. Meadow soil is mainly distributed in residential centre and special use land, Aeolian sandy soil and saline soil are mainly occupied by other useless land, brown calcic soil is mainly disiributed in grassland, the distribution of irri- gating warped soil is complicated and various. Both the diversity index of soil and land use declined with the mean patch area increase, and the soil diversity increased with the total area increase of the catchment rather than the land use diversity index ; while a good positive relation- ship was found between the Soil and the land use.