九龙江流域营养盐削减成本函数研究

Nitrogen Abatement Cost Functions in Jiulong River Basin

流域、湖库和近岸水体的富营养化是世界各国面临的严重水环境问题之一。我国超过50%的流域、湖库和近岸海洋面临着富营养化问题。营养盐污染引起的重大环境、经济损害及其高昂的削减成本,使得流域营养盐削减成本函数以及以此为基础的成本最低的营养盐削减最优方案成为学术界和管理界关注的热点领域。建立了中小尺度流域5种营养盐削减措施成本函数的研究方法和模型,并将建立的方法应用到九龙江北溪流域,建立了不同子流域、不同营养盐削减方式的成本函数。研究发现,不同营养盐削减措施的成本相差较大,减少化肥使用量是成本最低的营养盐削减方式,其次是建设湿地;经济发展水平、农业种植业结构是影响各子流域营养盐削减成本的重要因素,经济发达、农业经济租金较高的子流域的削减成本要高于经济发展水平低、农业租金低的子流域;在选取营养盐削减措施时,除了考虑成本之外,还必须考虑各种削减措施的规模限制。

Nutrient enrichment that leads to eutrophication is one of the major environmental problems in the world. More than half of rivers, lakes and coastal water-bodies are confronting the challenge of eutrophication. The study of nutrients abatement cost functions in river basins has become the focus field in academic and management communities because of increasingly serious environmental and economic damage re- suited from nutrient pollution. This paper developed the methodologies for establishing abatement cost functions of different nutrients abatement measures in small and middle river basins. These cost functions of different abatement measures in different sub-basins are established in Jiu- long River Basin employing the developed models. The results demonstrate that the abatement costs vary significantly among abatement meas- ures. The abatement cost of reducing nitrogen fertilizer use is the lowest. Meanwhile, the abatement costs in the developed sub-basins with higher agriculture economic rents are higher than that of less-developed river basins. Besides the abatement costs, the scale limit of each abatement measure should be considered when choosing suitable nutrients abatement measures.