灌水对黄淮海地区冬小麦碳氮代谢、产量及水分利用效率的影响

Effects of Irrigation on Carbon-nitrogen Metabolism,Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai Area of China

为了研究灌水对黄淮海地区冬小麦碳氮代谢、产量及水分利用效率的影响,以5个黄淮海主栽冬小麦品种为材料,在田间进行试验,分析了灌水次数对冬小麦可溶性蛋白含量、硝酸还原酶活性、可溶性糖含量及全氮含量的调控效应。结果表明:随着灌水次数的减少,硝酸还原酶活性、可溶性糖和全氮含量、可溶性糖转运率均降低,碳氮比增加,穗粒数、千粒质量和单位面积穗数降低,花后14 d之后可溶性蛋白含量呈降低趋势;与正常灌水(W3)相比,灌2次水(W2)和灌1次水(W1)分别减产11.37%和30.80%,其中周麦18减产最大为14.69%和37.44%,矮抗58减产最少为9.19%和26.97%;W3、W2处理下周麦18的水分利用效率最大,分别为27.6,28.9 kg/(hm2·mm),豫农202最小,分别为21.8,23.9 kg/(hm2·mm),在W1处理下矮抗58的水分利用效率最大(26.1 kg/(hm2·mm)),豫农202最小(21.5 kg/(hm2·mm))。5个冬小麦抗旱指数表现为矮抗58>郑麦366>豫麦49>豫农202>周麦18。

In order to research the influence of irrigation on carbon and nitrogen metabolism ,yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat ,effects of irrigation on soluble protein content and nitrate reductase activity ,soluble total sugar content and total nitrogen content of winter wheat were studied in field conditions .The results showed that,with the reduction of the irrigation times ,nitrate reductase activity ,soluble sugar and total nitrogen content and soluble sugar transfer rate were reduced , carbon and nitrogen ratio increases , grain number Per ear , 1000-seed weight and ear number per unit area decreased ,soluble protein content showed a trend of decrease from the 14 d af-ter flowering .Compared with normal irrigation （ W3 ） , the yield of two irrigations （ W2 ） and one irrigation （ W1 ） decreased by 11 .37%and 30 .80%,the yield of Zhoumai 18 decreased by 14 .69%and 37 .44%,the yield of Ai-kang 58 decreased by 9.19%and 26.97%.Water use efficiency of Zhoumai18 was the biggest in W3 and W2,with 27.6,28.9 kg/（ha· mm）,Yunong 202 was the least,only 21.8,23.9 kg/（ha· mm）,respectively,Aikang 58 in W1 was the biggest 26.1 kg/（ha· mm）,Yunong 202 was the least,only 21.5 kg/（ha· mm）.Drought resistance in-dex showed that ,Aikang 58〉Zhengmai 366〉Yumai 49〉Yunong 202〉Zhoumai 18 .