国外诺曼·霍兰德研究述评

Review of the Research on Norman Holland Abroad

国外学界对霍兰德批评理论的研究主要始自20世纪70年代,大致分为三个时期。1970年代是霍兰德最为活跃的时期,学界对其关注最多,许多批评家从各自立场出发,对其理论褒贬不一。1980年代,随着读者理论的退潮,对霍兰德理论的探讨和争议变少,但其莎学研究却开始受到关注。1990年代以后,许多批评家开始从批评史的角度去评价和定位霍兰德理论的得失,并开始关注其理论的具体应用。从其研究史来看,有一个从各自站在自己的立场到从更广阔和客观的视野来评价其理论的倾向,也呈现出从单纯探讨其理论到将之与实践结合起来理解的趋势。

The researches of Holland＇s theories mainly began in the 1970s abroad, which could be roughly divided into three pe- rinds. The 1970s was the most active period for Holland. He was being extensively concerned in the academe, and many critics had different ideas of his theories from respective standpoint. In the 1980s, along with the decline of readers theory, there were fewer dis- cussions and controversies about Holland＇s theories, but his Shakespearean study was getting increasingly attention. After the 1990s, many critics began to evaluate the gains and losses of Holland＇ s theories from the perspective of the history of criticism, and pay close attention to the concrete application of his theories. From the history of research, we can conclude that critics evaluate his theories not only from respective positions to a broader and objective vision, but comprehend his theories from exploring them simply to combining them with practice.