英汉“over”“上”的意象图式及语义对比分析

The Contrastive Study of the Image Schemas and Meaning of “over”“shang”between English and Chinese

认知语言学认为:隐喻是人类认知世界的重要手段;空间隐喻是一种意象图式隐喻,即以空间概念为始源域,构建其他非空间性的目标域。一个表示空间概念词语的词义往往在原型空间意义的基础上经隐喻拓展而获得许多新的抽象意义。该文通过对英汉语中的空间概念进行对比分析,揭示了英汉"over""上"空间概念表达的异同以及造成这种异同的影响因素。研究的结果表明,由于认知方式的共性,英汉空间概念表达存在一定的共性;而又由于各民族文化、生活习惯等的差异性,其概念表达必然会有所不同。

Cognitive linguists hold that metaphor is an important means of human beings to understand the world ; Spatial metaphor is an image schema metaphor, which makes use of the spatial concepts as source domains to build other non -spatial target domains. A word with spatial concepts is often expanded through metaphors on the basis of prototype spatial meanings, thus gaining many new ab- stract meanings. This paper analyzes the spatial concept of ＂over＂ in English and Chinese language, aims to reveal its similarities, differences and influencing factors which cause these similarities and differences. The result shows that there are some similarities in spatial concept of English and Chinese because of the same cognitive model; also due to its different cultures and life styles, different styles are used to express spatial concepts.