男性孕前优生健康状况的不良影响因素调查分析

Investigation and analysis of adverse influence factors of male pre-pregnant eugenic health situation

目的了解青龙满族自治县男性孕前优生健康状况的不良影响因素，寻找应对措施、方法，为本地区男性生殖健康服务决策提供科学依据。方法采用随机抽样方法抽取2013年1～7月青龙满族自治县10个乡（镇）符合生育政策参加免费孕前优生健康检查的3000名22～49岁男性进行生育健康问卷调查和健康检查，并对男性孕前优生健康状况的不良影响因素进行统计分析。结果影响男性孕前优生健康状况的不良因素比例高达91．5％，排在前4位的是吸烟（每天吸烟10支以上）、饮酒（每天饮啤酒或白酒或二者均饮10mL以上）、不良工作环境（高温、噪音、震动环境等）、生殖系统疾患（包茎、包皮过长等），分别占总人数的5113％、17．5％、11．1％和8．0％；且与年龄、文化程度密切相关．不同年龄、不同文化程度组间相比较，差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论吸烟、饮酒、不良工作环境、生殖系统疾患等不良因素是影响男性孕前优生健康状况的主要原因，为孕育健康后代，必须推广孕前优生健康检查，加强男性孕前优生健康知识宣传，降低影响男性孕前优生健康状况的不良因素，预防出生缺陷，促进优生优育。

Objective To understand the adverse influence factors of male pre-pregnant eugenic health situation in Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County, find the countermeasures and methods, in order to provide the scientific basis for male repro- ductive health services in the region. Methods The random sampling method was adopted, 3000 males according with child- bearing policy taken part in the free pre-pregnant eugenics health check aged 22 to 49 from 10 towns of Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County were selected randomly. The adverse factors which influenced male pre-pregnant eugenic health were analyzed. Results Adverse factors influenced male pre-pregnant eugenic health proportion was as high as 91.5%. The top 4 factors of them were smoking （10 cigarettes a day or more）, drinking （drink beer daily or drink white wine or drink both more than 10 mL）, poor working environment （high temperature, noise, vibration environment, etc）, reproductive system disorders （redundant phimosis or prepuce, etc）, which accounted for 51.3%, 17.5%, 11.1% and 8.0% of the total respectively. They were closely related to age, culture level, there were significant differences among different age groups and different culture level groups （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion Adverse factors of smoking, drinking alcohol, poor working environment, and reproductive system diseases are major factors of male pre-pregnant eugenic health. In order to improve the rate of healthy offspring, eu- genics health examination before childbirth must be promoted. At the same time, the male pregnant eugenics health knowl- edge propaganda must be strengthened, reduce the adverse factors affecting male pre-pregnant eugenic health, prevent the birth defects and promote eugenics.