67例护士血源性锐器伤的调查分析

Investigation of blood borne sharp instrument injuries among 67 nurses

目的调查血源性锐器伤对护士造成危害的主要原因,探讨有效防护措施。方法对医院2011年5月护士发生的锐器伤进行回顾性问卷调查。结果发放问卷554份,回收有效问卷550份,回收率99.3%;67名护士在5月曾发生锐器伤,发生率为12.18%,低年资护士是锐器伤的高发人群,占65.67%;共发生锐器伤84次,注射器及输液针头刺伤75次,手术缝针伤7次,刀片及其他损伤2次;其中血液传播性疾病患者使用过针头刺伤发生率为4.48%;损伤环节中,双手回套针帽发生率高,其次是输液后拔出动(静)脉针、针头放入锐器盒等,分别占34.52%、28.57%、23.81%;参加相关培训的护士占89.55%,刺伤前戴手套的仅占13.43%,刺伤后上报的护士仅占7.46%。结论临床护士锐器伤发生率高,应全面加强职业防护教育,减少护士锐器伤的发生。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the main causes of the blood borne sharp instrument injuries among the nurses and put forward effective prevention measures. METHODS Retrospective questionnaire survey was conducted for the incidence oi sharp injuries that occurred in the nurses in May 2011. RESULTS Totally 554 questionnaires were distributed and 550 valid retrieved with the return rate of 99. 3%; of the 67 nurses, the incidence rate of sharp iniuries was 12.18~ in May; the junior nurses were the population at high risk of the sharp injuries, accounting for 65.67%; totally 84 times of sharp injuries occurred, including 75 times＇of syringe and infusion needles injuries, 7 times of surgical stitches injuries, and 2 times of blade injuries and others; the incidence rate of sharp injuries of the needles used by the patient with blood transmitted diseases was 4.48%. Among the links for the sharp injuries, 34, 52% Occurred in recapping the needle cap, 28.57% in pulling out （artery） vein needle after the infusion, and 23.81% in placing the needles into sharps box. 89.55 % of the nurses have participated the relevant training, 13.34% wore gloves before the sharp injuries occurred, and 7.46 % reported after the sharp injuries. CONCLUSION The incidence of sharp injuries is high among the clinical nurses, and it is necessary to strengthen the occupational protection education so as to reduce the incidence of sharp injuries.