闽西汀州客家府第式民居木雕装饰艺术研究

A Study of the Wood Decoration Art in Tingzhou Hakka Mansion-style Houses

闽西汀州客家府第式民居木雕装饰艺术久负盛名,工艺最早来源于广东潮州。客家民居木雕装饰艺术丰富多彩,从大木构架、小木门窗装修到门楼的建造等都很精致。传统木雕工艺是闽西客家府第式民居最主要的装饰手法之一,充分体现了客家人的审美情趣。汀州客家府第式民居留存有大量的传统建筑装饰木雕,具有很高的艺术价值。它多用于梁、柱、斗栱、飞檐、栏杆、门楣、画版、匾额、门窗、槅扇等处;工艺技法主要有圆雕、浮雕、镂空雕等;雕刻题材有人物、动物、花草、吉祥图案等,装饰纹样形态逼真,栩栩如生。雕工粗放富有寓意,细致而厚实,刀法流畅。构图饱满,充分达到实用性与装饰性的高度统一。

The wood decoration art in Tingzhou Hakka mansion-style houses boasts its long history, its earliest craft coming from Chaozhou, Guangdong. Wood decoration art of Hakka is colorful; large wooden frame, small wooden doors and windows decora- tion, and the construction of the gatehouses are all exquisite. Traditional woodearving in mansion-style houses is one of the most important decorative techniques of Hakka in western Fujian, fully embodying the aesthetic concept of Hakka. The Hakka in Ting- zhou retains a large amount of traditional architectural decorative wood, which is of great artistic value. It is always used for beams, columns, bracket system, cornices, balustrades, lintels, painted version, plaques, doors and windows, and so on. The main craft techniques are three-dimensional sculpture, relief, openwork carving. The themes of carving are figures, animals, flowers, and other auspicious patterns, and the shapes of patterns are vivid. The carving is delicate and fluent. The wood - carv- ing craft well reflects the unity of both practicability and decoration.